U-Alexander Chistyakov uyathintana, ngingumvangeli futhi sikutshele ngemicimbi yobuchwepheshe ehamba phambili engu-9 yango-2019.
Ekuhloleni kwami, ngithembele kakhulu ekunambitheni kwami kunasembonweni wochwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlu, isibonelo, alubandakanyi izimoto ezingenamshayeli, ngoba akukho okusha noma okumangazayo kulobu buchwepheshe.
Angizange ngihlele izenzakalo ohlwini ngokubaluleka noma umphumela we-wow, ngoba ukubaluleka kwazo kuzocaca eminyakeni eyishumi, futhi umphumela we-wow uphila isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngivele ngazama ukwenza le ndaba ihambisane.
1. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeseva ephathekayo ngolimi lokuhlela lwe-Rust lwe-WebAssembly
Ngizoqala isibuyekezo ngemibiko emibili:
1. Bika , efundwe nguye emuva ngo-2018.
Ngesikhathi sokufunda lo mbiko, uBrian Cantrill ubesebenza eJoyent njenge-CTO futhi ubengazi ukuthi u-2019 uzophela kanjani kuye noJoyent.
2. , ilungu leqembu eliyinhloko lolimi lwe-Rust kanye nomlobi wencwadi ethi "The Rust Programming Language", esebenza e-Cloudflare, lapho ekhuluma ngezici zolimi lwe-Rust kanye nobuchwepheshe be-WebAssembly, okuvumela ukuthi usebenzise iziphequluli zewebhu njenge amapulatifomu okusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ngo-2019, iWebAssembly nayo , enikeza ukufinyelela ezintweni zesistimu yokusebenza njengamafayela namasokhethi, idlulele ngale kweziphequluli futhi iqondise imakethe yesofthiwe yeseva.
Ingqikithi yempumelelo isobala - isintu sinesikhathi esisodwa sokusebenza esikwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo eziphathwayo zeWebhu (ingabe ukhona okhumbula isimiso se-WORA, esasungulwa ababhali bolimi lwe-Java?).
Futhi sinendlela ephephile uma kuqhathaniswa yokwakha lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ngenxa yolimi lwe-Rust, i-raison d'être yalo iwukuqeda zonke izigaba zamaphutha ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa.
I-WebAssembly isiguquli segeyimu kangangokuthi uSolomon Hikes, omunye wabadali be-Docker, wabhala ukuthi ukube i-WebAssembly ne-WASI yayikhona ngo-2008, u-Docker wayengeke azalwe.
Akumangazi ukuthi uRust wayephakathi kwabamukeli bobuchwepheshe obusha obuphathekayo - i-ecosystem yayo ithuthuka ngamandla futhi iRust ibe wulimi oluthandwayo kakhulu lokuhlela iminyaka eminingana, ngokusho kwemiphumela. .
Lesi isilayidi esivela enkulumweni kaSteve, esibonisa ngokusobala isilinganiso senani leziphazamisi zokuphepha ezigwenywa ngokuphelele uma usebenzisa i-Rust enanini eliphelele lezimbungulu ezitholakala ku-MS Windows kule minyaka eyishumi nengxenye edlule.
IMicrosoft bekufanele iphendule ngandlela thize kule nselelo, futhi yakwenza.
2. I-Project Verona evela ku-Microsoft, ezolondoloza i-Windows futhi ivule ikhasi elisha lomlando lanoma iyiphi i-OS
Inani leziphazamisi ku-Microsoft Windows kernel kanye nezinhlelo eziningi zabathengi likhuphuke cishe ngokulandelana eminyakeni eyi-12 edlule.
Ngo-2019, uMatthew Parkinson weMicrosoft , okungaqeda lokhu.
Lesi isinyathelo se-Microsoft sokudala ulimi lohlelo oluvikelekile olusekelwe emibonweni yolimi lwe-Rust: ozakwabo abavela ku-Microsoft Research bathole ukuthi izinkinga eziningi zokuphepha zihlotshaniswa nefa elisindayo lolimi C, lapho iningi le-Windows libhalwa khona. Ulimi lukaVerona olufana nokuRust lulawula inkumbulo kanye nokufinyelela ngesikhathi esisodwa kuzinsiza kusetshenziswa . Uma ufuna ukuqonda ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi isebenza kanjani, bheka .
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iMicrosoft ngokwesiko ithathwa njengombuso omubi kanye nomphikisi wayo yonke into entsha, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi , umthuthukisi oyinhloko we-Glasgow Haskell Compiler, usebenza kwa-Microsoft.
Umbuzo kaBrian Cantrill ovela esigabeni sokuqala: "Akusona isikhathi sokubhala kabusha i-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza eRust?" ithole impendulo ebingalindelekile - kusobala ukuthi akukakwazi ukubhala kabusha i-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza, kodwa izinhlelo ezisebenza endaweni yomsebenzisi sezibhalwa kabusha. Inqubo engavimbeki isiqalile, futhi lokhu kuzovula ikhasi elisha lesikhathi esizayo lawo wonke amasistimu wokusebenza.
3. Ukwenyuka kokuduma kolimi lohlelo lwe-Dart ngenxa yohlaka lwe-Flutter
Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi lezi zindaba ezilandelayo ziyisimangaliso esikhulu hhayi kithi kuphela kanye nomphakathi jikelele, kodwa futhi nabaningi ababambiqhaza abaqondile ohlelweni lokubunjwa kwayo. Ulimi lohlelo lwe-Dart, olwavela kwa-Google eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule, lubone ukukhula okusheshayo ekudumeni kulo nyaka.
Ngisebenzisa indlela yami yokuhlola ukuthandwa kwezilimi zokuhlela ngokuhlaziya izinqolobane ku-Github, kanye ngenyanga. . Uma ekuqaleni konyaka bekukhona kuphela amakhosombe adumile ayi-100 ku-Dart, namuhla sekuvele angama-313 kuwo.
I-Dart idlule u-Erlang, PowerShell, R, Perl, Elixir, Haskell, Lua kanye neCoffeeScript ngokuduma. Alukho olunye ulimi lokuhlela olubonakala lukhule ngokushesha kulo nyaka. Kungani kwenzeka?
Omunye wemibiko eyingqophamlando yalo nyaka yafundwa uRichard Feldman futhi yabizwa Ingxenye ebalulekile yombiko inikelwe ekuhlaziyweni kokuthi izilimi zokuhlela ziduma kanjani. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko, ngokusho kukaRichard, ukuba khona kwesicelo noma uhlaka oludumile, ngamanye amazwi uhlelo lokusebenza lombulali.
Ngolimi lwe-Dart, isizathu sokuduma kwalo wuhlaka lokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula , ukukhuphuka kokuthandwa kwakho, ngokusho kwe-Google Trends, esanda kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
Asazi lutho nge-Dart njengoba singathuthukisi iselula, kodwa samukela ngokufudumele olunye ulimi lokuhlela olubhalwe ngezibalo.
4. Ithuba lokusinda kwe-Linux kernel nomphakathi wayo sibonga umshini obonakalayo we-eBPF
Thina kwa-VDSina sithanda izingqungquthela: kulo nyaka ngiye engqungqutheleni ye-DevOops e-St. Petersburg futhi ngahlanganyela etafuleni eliyindilinga elinikezelwe kumathrendi nezinto ezishisayo embonini. Ngo-2019, imibono ehamba phambili ezingxoxweni ezinjalo yayiyi:
- U-Docker ufile ngoba uyisicefe kakhulu
- UKubernetes uyaphila futhi uzohlala isikhathi esingangonyaka - kusazokhulunywa ngakho ezingqungqutheleni ngo-2020.
- Ngaleso sikhathi, akekho umuntu ophilayo oke wabheka i-Linux kernel isikhathi eside
Angihlanganyeli ngephuzu lokugcina; ngokombono wami, hhayi nje kuphela okuthakazelisayo, kodwa izinto eziguqukayo zenzeka manje ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Linux kernel. Okuphawuleka kakhulu umshini obonakalayo we-eBPF, owadalelwa ekuqaleni ukuxazulula umsebenzi oyisicefe wokuhlunga amaphakethe enethiwekhi, wabe usukhula waba umshini ojwayelekile wezinga le-kernel.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Linux kernel: yebo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Linux kernel: manje
Ngenxa ye-eBPF, i-kernel manje ibika ukwenzeka kwezehlakalo ezingacutshungulwa ngokwengxenye ngaphandle kwe-kernel - isixhumi esibonakalayo senza kube nokwenzeka ukuthintana ngokuphepha nangempumelelo ne-kernel kusuka endaweni yomsebenzisi futhi kwandise futhi kugcwalise ukusebenza kwe-Linux kernel, kudlule konke. -Iso elibonayo likaLinus Torvalds.
Ngaphambi kwe-eBPF, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo imisebenzi yazo eyayihlobene eduze nokusebenzelana ne-Linux kernel kwakuyindaba enzima - ukudala izinto ezifana nezishayeli zamadivayisi ahamba kancane kanye nezindawo zokusebenzelana zezinhlelo zamafayela endaweni yomsebenzisi okudingekayo kunqubo yokubuyekeza esemthethweni ngabathuthukisi be-Linux kernel abanolwazi.
Ukubonakala kwe-interface ye-eBPF kwenze kwaba lula kakhulu inqubo yokubhala izinhlelo ezinjalo - umkhawulo wokungena wehlisiwe, kuzoba nabathuthukisi abaningi futhi umphakathi uzophinde uphile.
Angingedwa entshisekweni yami: imemezela ukubaluleka kwe-eBPF ekusindeni (!) kwe-kernel development ecosystem. Omunye, unjiniyela ongaziwa kancane (Ngingumlandeli wakhe omkhulu) , osekuyiminyaka engu-50 ingakaze ilinganiswe.
Khonamanjalo, u-Linus Torvalds ngokuvamile akamncomi esidlangalaleni ngezinto ezinjalo, futhi ngiyamqonda - ubani ofuna ukuzenza esidlangalaleni abukeke njengesilima? 🙂
5. I-Linux ifake cishe isipikili sokugcina ebhokisini lomngcwabo le-FreeBSD ngenxa ye-asynchronous io_uring interface ku-Linux kernel.
Ngenkathi sisesihlokweni se-Linux kernel, kufanelekile ukuqaphela enye intuthuko ebalulekile eyenzeka kulo nyaka: ukufakwa kwentsha entsha. nguJens Axbow we-Facebook.
Iminyaka eminingi, abaphathi bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi beFreeBSD basekelwe ekukhetheni kwabo eqinisweni lokuthi iFreeBSD yenze kangcono i-Asynchronous I/O kuneLinux. Ngokwesibonelo le mpikiswano Gleb Smirnov kusukela Nginx.
Manje umdlalo usuphenduke ubheke phansi. futhi imiphumela yebhentshimakhi yokusebenza iyamangalisa, ngokwenyuka kwe-IOPS kusuka ku-14% kuya ku-102% kuye ngosayizi webhulokhi. Kukhona i-prototype esebenzisa i-asynchronous I/O ku-PostgreSQL (okungenani ), ekuguquleni i-PostgreSQL ibe yi-asynchronous I/O. Kodwa uma kubhekwa isimo somphakathi sonjiniyela, ngeke sizibone lezi zinguquko ngo-2020.
6. Ukubuya okunqobayo kwe-AMD ngomugqa weprosesa we-Ryzen
Akukho okungajwayelekile, ukuthi nje i-AMD, ebikade ingekho embonini, yephula irekhodi ngemuva kwerekhodi.
Ulayini omusha wama-Ryzen processors ubonise isilinganiso sentengo/sokusebenza esimangalisayo: bona , futhi kwezinye izifunda . Emncintiswaneni, i-Intel iyaphoqeleka : Ibangela izinhlelo ezakhiwe nge-compiler yazo ukuthi zisebenze kahle kakhulu kuphrosesa yesimbangi. Naphezu kwezindlela ezingcolile ze-Intel zokulwa, .
7. Ilandela i-AMD, i-Apple ihlose ukuthatha ucezu lwe-Intel pie ene-iPadOS namaqhinga amaGates amadala.
Wonke umuntu okwazi ukubamba isikhali ezandleni uvamise ukuzama ukubamba iqhaza ezimpini zemidondoshiya, hhayi i-AMD kuphela elwela isisekelo sokudla se-Intel. I-Apple yaziphatha njengenkunzi endala ehlaya.
sizokwehla kancane entabeniInkunzi endala nencane ime esiqongweni sentaba, futhi umhlambi wezinkomo uklaba ngaphansi.
Inkunzi encane inikeza endala:
- Lalela, masinyane, masinyane sehle futhi sishaye inkomo
futhi ngokushesha, ngokushesha, sizobuyela phezulu!
- Cha!
- Hhayi-ke, masinyane, masinyane, sehle, masibize izinkomo ezimbili ngayinye futhi ngokushesha-
Masivuke masinyane!
- Cha!
- Awu, yini oyiphakamisayo ke?
- Sizokwenza kancane, kancane sehle entabeni, sizobulala wonke umhlambi futhi
Masibuyele kancane kancane endaweni yethu!
Ngokukhipha i-iPadOS entsha, i-Apple yasebenzisa iqhinga lokulwa ne-Intel elibizwa “ngokwenza izinto ezintsha eziphazamisayo.”
Incazelo ye-Wikipedia
"Ukuqamba okusha okuphazamisayo" kuwukuqamba okusha okushintsha ibhalansi yamanani emakethe. Ngaso leso sikhathi, imikhiqizo emidala iba yinto engaqhudelani ngenxa nje yokuthi imingcele lapho ukuncintisana kwakusekelwe khona ngaphambilini ilahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo.
Izibonelo "zezinto ezintsha eziphazamisayo" ucingo (oluthathelwe indawo ucingo), imikhumbi-mkhathi (imikhumbi kaseyili eshintshiwe), ama-semiconductors (imishini yokuhlanza eshintshiwe), amakhamera edijithali (amakhamera efilimu ashintshiwe), kanye ne-imeyili (imeyili yendabuko ephazanyisiwe).
I-Apple isebenzisa awayo amaphrosesa asekelwe ku-ARM enamandla aphansi, futhi lokhu kufakazele ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi kunokusebenza kancane kwe-Intel's x86.
I-Apple iyakwazi ukuhlwitha ingxenye yemakethe, iguqule i-iPad isuke endaweni yokuzijabulisa ibe ithuluzi lomsebenzi eligcwele - okokuqala kulabo abakha okuqukethwe, futhi manje kubathuthukisi. Vele, ngeke siyibone iMacBook esekwe ku-ARM noma nini maduze, kodwa izinkinga ezincane ngokwakhiwa kwamakhibhodi e-MacBook Pro zikhuthaza ukuseshwa kwezinye izixazululo, futhi enye yazo ithembisa ukuba yi-iPad Pro ene-iPadOS.
Ngabe i-Gates ne-Microsoft ihlangene ngani nayo?
Ngesinye isikhathi, uGates wakhipha iqhinga elifanayo ne-IBM.
Ngawo-1970, i-IBM yayiphethe imakethe yeseva, ngokuzethemba kwesidlakela esinganaki amakhompyutha womuntu ovamile. Ngawo-1980, uGates wadala i-IBM ngemali futhi wanikeza ilayisensi ye-MS-DOS yayo, eshiya amalungelo ohlelweni lokusebenza kuye. Ngemva kokuthola imali, iMicrosoft yakha i-graphical interface ye-MS-DOS, futhi iWindows yazalwa - ekuqaleni nje isengezo esinesithombe phezu kwe-DOS, kwase kuba uhlelo lokuqala lokusebenza lwama-PC, olulungele ukusetshenziswa ngabantu abaningi. I-IBM, njengenkampani enkulu, exakile, ilahlekelwa imakethe yekhompiyutha yomuntu siqu kwabancane nabasheshayo iMicrosoft. Ngiphinde ngayilandisa le ndaba enhle kafushane, ngakho-ke uma uzibuza ukuthi i-Apple izodlala kanjani ngokumelene ne-Intel ngo-2020 nge-iPadOS, ngincoma kakhulu .
8. Ukuqinisa isikhundla se-ZFSonLinux - ihhashi elidala aliwoni umsele
Inkampani yeCanonical usebenzisa uhlelo lwefayela le-ZFS njengohlelo lwefayela lempande ngqo kusuka kusifaki. Kwesinye isikhathi kimina kubonakala sengathi onjiniyela abasebenza e-Sun Microsystems bamele uhlobo oluhlukile lwebhayoloji ye-Homo sapiens (uBrian Cantrill noBrendan Gregg, asebalulwe ngenhla, basebenza eLangeni). Zihlulele wena, naphezu kweminyaka eminingi yemizamo yawo wonke umuntu ukwenza okuthile okufana nokude nesistimu yefayela le-ZFS, naphezu kwemingcele yelayisense engenakunqandeka evimbela ukufakwa kwekhodi yomthombo we-ZFS egatsheni eliyinhloko lokuthuthukiswa kwe-Linux kernel, sisayisebenzisa. ZFS, futhi isimo ngeke sishintshe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
9. I-Oxide Computer Company - sizoqapha ngokucophelela iqembu, elikwazi ngokucacile okuningi - okungenani ukudala umbukiso opholile
Ngiphetha uhlu lwami ngokunye ukukhuluma ngoBrian Cantrill, lapho ngaqala khona.
UBrian Cantrill nabanye onjiniyela (abanye babo nabo abake basebenza eLangeni) basungula ibhizinisi elibizwa ngokuthi , umgomo oyinhloko okuwukudala inkundla yeseva efanelekile ukusetshenziswa ngesilinganiso esikhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu ezifana ne-Google, i-Facebook ne-Amazon azisebenzisi i-hardware yeseva evamile emisebenzini yazo. Inkampani kaBrian ihlose ukuqeda lokhu kungalingani ngokwakha isofthiwe nenkundla yehadiwe efanele ukusetshenziswa yinoma iyiphi isevisi yamafu (okuhlanganisa nolimi lokuhlela lweRust).
Umbono wabo uyisithembiso soguquko olusha, futhi ngizojabula, okungenani, ukubuka ukunyakaza kwemicabango yabo nokuthuthuka kwabo ngo-2020 ozayo.
Esikwazile ukukwenza ngo-2019 eVDSina
Asizange senze noma yikuphi ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe ngo-2019 nge-VDSina, kodwa sisenokuthile okufanele siziqhenye ngakho.
NgoFebhuwari, sengeze ikhono lokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yendawo phakathi kwamaseva futhi sethula isevisi yokubhaliswa kwesizinda. Intengo yenziwe enye ephansi kakhulu emakethe - ama-ruble angu-179 nge-ru / рф, kuhlanganise nokuvuselelwa.
NgoMashi sikhulume ku-IT Global Meetup #14.
Ngo-April, sandisa ububanzi besiteshi seseva ngayinye ukusuka ku-100 kuya ku-200 Megabits, futhi sanyusa kakhulu umkhawulo wethrafikhi wazo zonke izintengo (ngaphandle kwezishibhe kakhulu) - ukuya ku-32 TB ngenyanga.
NgoJulayi, amakhasimende abe nethuba lokufaka ngokuzenzakalelayo i-Windows Server 2019. Ukuvikelwa kwamahhala kwe-DDoS kwaqala ukunikezwa ngaphakathi kwendawo yase-Moscow.
Futhi ngoJulayi, inkampani yethu yavela ku-Habré, iqala nokuthi kusisize kanjani ukuthi sithathe igxathu elikhulu ekusekeleni amakhasimende.
Ngo-August, bangeze ikhono lokudala izifinyezo—izipele zeseva.
I-API yomphakathi isikhishiwe.
Sikhuphule ububanzi besiteshi kuseva ngayinye ukusuka ku-200 kuya ku-500 Megabits.
Sabamba iqhaza engqungqutheleni ye-Chaos Constructions 2019, sisabalalisa iziswebhu ezinophawu lwenkampani njengokudayiswayo (isiqubulo somkhankaso sasithi “Lapho unjiniyela engaphezulu”) futhi saqhumisa izingxoxo zocingo.
NgoSepthemba, sethule i-Instagram enhle kakhulu futhi enobungani yenkampani ye-IT - i-VDSina yaqala ukukhuluma ngezindaba nempilo yansuku zonke. .
NgoNovemba, saya ku-Highload++, sabamba iqhaza etafuleni eliyindilinga "ku-database e-Kubernetes" futhi sagqokisa ababambiqhaza izigqoko zoshaka.
NgoDisemba, sikhulume emhlanganweni we-DevOps ehhovisi le-GazPromNeft ngombiko mayelana nemininingwane yolwazi e-Kubernetes nasengqungqutheleni ye-DevOpsDays eMoscow. , obekuwumdlalo wami omuhle kakhulu wonyaka.
isiphetho
Njengoba uNassim Taleb eshilo, kulula kakhulu ukubikezela lokho esingeke sikubone. Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi yonke into entsha esizoyibona ngo-2020 ihlehlela emuva ku-2019, 2018 nangaphambili. Angicabangi ukubikezela ikusasa ngokunembile, kodwa u-2020 ngeke neze kube unyaka we-Linux kudeskithophu (wagcina nini ukubona ideskithophu?) Futhi besibona unyaka we-Linux kumadivayisi eselula iminyaka eyishumi. iminyaka manje.
Kunoma yikuphi, ngithemba ukuthi ngonyaka sizophinde sihlangane futhi sixoxe ngokuthi konke kwahamba kanjani ngempela.
Amaholide amahle nonke!
Landela unjiniyela wethu ku-Instagram
Source: www.habr.com