Lona ngu-Alexander Chistyakov, ngingumvangeli. futhi ngizokutshela mayelana nemicimbi yobuchwepheshe ehamba phambili engu-9 yango-2019.
Ekuhloleni kwami, ngithembele kakhulu ekuthandeni kwami kunokuthembela embonweni wochwepheshe. Kungakho, isibonelo, izimoto ezizishayelayo azizange zifakwe kulolu hlu, njengoba kungekho okusha noma okumangazayo ngalobu buchwepheshe.
Angizange ngihlele izenzakalo ohlwini ngokubaluleka noma i-wow-effect, ngoba ukubaluleka kwazo kuzocaca eminyakeni eyishumi, futhi umphumela we-wow-effect owesikhashana kakhulu, ngisanda kuzama ukwenza le ndaba ihambisane.
1. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeseva ephathekayo ngolimi lokuhlela lwe-Rust lwe-WebAssembly
Ngizoqala isibuyekezo ngemibiko emibili:
1. Bika , ayifunda emuva ngo-2018.
Ngesikhathi sokufunda lo mbiko, uBrian Cantrill ubesebenza eJoyent njenge-CTO futhi ubengazi ukuthi u-2019 uzophela kanjani kuye noJoyent.
2. , ilungu leqembu le-Rust core kanye nomlobi we-"The Rust Programming Language," osebenza e-Cloudflare, lapho ekhuluma khona ngezici zolimi lwe-Rust kanye nobuchwepheshe be-WebAssembly, okuvumela iziphequluli zewebhu ukuthi zisetshenziswe njengezinkundla zokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ngo-2019, iWebAssembly nayo , enikeza ukufinyelela ezintweni zesistimu yokusebenza njengamafayela namasokhethi, idlulele ngale kweziphequluli futhi iqondise imakethe yesofthiwe yeseva.
Ingqikithi yempumelelo isobala: isintu sinesinye isikhathi sokusebenza esikwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo eziphathwayo zeWebhu (ingabe ukhona okhumbula isimiso se-WORA, esasungulwa abadali bolimi lwe-Java?).
Futhi sinendlela ephephile uma kuqhathaniswa yokwakha lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ngenxa yolimi lwe-Rust, i-raison d'être yalo iwukuqeda zonke izigaba zamaphutha ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa.
I-WebAssembly ishintsha umdlalo kangangokuthi uSolomon Hykes, omunye wabadali be-Docker, wabhala ukuthi ukube i-WebAssembly ne-WASI yayikhona ku-2008, u-Docker wayengeke azalwe.
Akumangazi ukuthi uRust uzithole ephakathi kwabamukeli bobuchwepheshe obusha obuphathekayo - i-ecosystem yayo ithuthuka ngamandla futhi iRust isalokhu iwulimi lwezinhlelo oluyintandokazi kakhulu iminyaka eminingana ngokwemiphumela. .
Lesi isilayidi esivela enkulumweni kaSteve esibonisa ngokusobala isilinganiso senani leziphazamisi zokuphepha ezingagwenywa ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa i-Rust nenani eliphelele leziphazamisi ku-MS. Windows, okutholakale eminyakeni eyishumi nesigamu edlule.
IMicrosoft bekufanele iphendule kule nselelo ngandlela thile, futhi yakwenza.
2. Iphrojekthi iVerona evela kuMicrosoft, ezosindisa Windows futhi izovula ikhasi elisha lomlando wanoma iyiphi i-OS
Inani lamaphutha ku-kernel ye-Microsoft Windows futhi izinhlelo eziningi zabasebenzisi zikhule cishe ngendlela eqondile eminyakeni eyi-12 edlule.
Ngo-2019, uMatthew Parkinson weMicrosoft , okungaqeda lokhu.
Lolu uhlelo lweMicrosoft lokudala ulimi lokuhlela oluphephile olusekelwe emibonweni yolimi lweRust: ozakwabo beMicrosoft Research bathole ukuthi izinkinga eziningi zokuphepha zihlotshaniswa nefa elinzima lolimi lwe-C, lapho iningi lazo WindowsUlimi olufana nokugqwala iVerona lulawula inkumbulo kanye nokufinyelela ngasikhathi sinye ezinsizeni ngokusebenzisa Uma ufuna ukuqonda ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi isebenza kanjani, hlola .
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iMicrosoft ngokwesiko ithathwa njengombuso omubi kanye nomphikisi wayo yonke into entsha, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi , umthuthukisi oyinhloko we-Glasgow Haskell Compiler, usebenza kwa-Microsoft.
Umbuzo kaBrian Cantrill kusukela ephuzwini lokuqala, "Akusona yini isikhathi sokubhala kabusha i-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza ku-Rust?" ithole impendulo ebingalindelekile: kuyacaca ukuthi ukubhala kabusha i-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza akukenzeki, kodwa izinhlelo ezisebenza endaweni yomsebenzisi sezibhalwa kabusha. Inqubo engavimbeki isiqalile, futhi lokhu kuzovula isahluko esisha esikhathini esizayo sazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.
3. Ukwenyuka kokuduma kolimi lohlelo lwe-Dart ngenxa yohlaka lwe-Flutter
Ngiqinisekile ukuthi lezi zindaba ezilandelayo ziyisimangaliso esikhulu hhayi kithi kuphela kanye nomphakathi jikelele, kodwa futhi nakwabaningi abathintekayo ngokuqondile ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Ulimi lohlelo lwe-Dart, olwethulwa kwa-Google eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule, lubone ukukhula ngokushesha ekudumeni kulo nyaka.
Ngisebenzisa indlela yami yokuhlola ukuthandwa kwezilimi zokuhlela ngokuhlaziya izinqolobane ze-Github kanye ngenyanga. Nakuba bekunamakhosombe e-Dart ayi-100 adumile ekuqaleni konyaka, namuhla asevele angu-313.
I-Dart idlule i-Erlang, i-PowerShell, i-R, i-Perl, i-Elixir, i-Haskell, i-Lua, ne-CoffeeScript ngokuduma. Kubonakala sengathi alukho olunye ulimi lwezinhlelo olukhule ngokushesha kulo nyaka. Kungani?
Omunye wemibiko eyingqophamlando yalo nyaka yafundwa uRichard Feldman futhi yabizwa Ingxenye ebalulekile yombiko inikezelwe ekuhlaziyeni ukuthi izilimi zokuhlela ziduma kanjani. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko, ngokusho kukaRichard, ukuba khona kwesicelo esidumile noma uhlaka-ngamanye amazwi, uhlelo lokusebenza lokubulala.
Isizathu sokuduma kolimi lwe-Dart kwakuwuhlaka lwayo lokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lweselula. , ukuduma kwakhe kukhuphuke, ngokusho kwe-Google Trends, ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
Asazi lutho nge-Dart, njengoba singathuthukisi iselula, kodwa singakwamukela ngokufudumele olunye ulimi lwezinhlelo olubhalwe ngezibalo.
4. Amathuba okusinda okujulile Linux kanye nomphakathi wayo ngenxa yomshini we-eBPF virtual
Siyazithanda izinkomfa e-VDSina: kulo nyaka ngihambele ingqungquthela ye-DevOops e-St. Ngo-2019, le mibono elandelayo ibibusa lezi zingxoxo:
- U-Docker ufile ngoba uyisicefe kakhulu.
- U-Kubernetes uyaphila futhi usenonyaka owodwa noma ngaphezulu—kusazokhulunywa ngaye ezingqungqutheleni ngo-2020.
- okwamanje, enhliziyweni Linux akekho umuntu ophilayo oye wabheka isikhathi eside
Angihlanganyeli ngephuzu lokugcina, ngokombono wami, ekuthuthukisweni kwe-kernel Linux Izinto ezenzekayo njengamanje azigcini nje ngokuthakazelisa, kodwa zishintsha kakhulu. Okuphawuleka kakhulu umshini we-eBPF virtual, owadalwa ekuqaleni ukuxazulula umsebenzi onzima wokuhlunga amaphakethe enethiwekhi futhi kusukela lapho usuguquke waba umshini we-kernel virtual ojwayelekile.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-kernel Linux: kwaba
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-kernel Linux: kwaba
Nge-eBPF, i-kernel manje ibika izehlakalo ezingaphathwa kancane ngaphandle kwe-kernel—isikhombimsebenzisi senza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisana ngokuphephile nangokuphumelelayo ne-kernel kusuka endaweni yomsebenzisi futhi sandise futhi sigcwalise ukusebenza kwe-kernel. Linux, edlula iso elibona konke likaLinus Torvalds.
Ngaphambi kwe-eBPF, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezimisebenzi yazo ihlobene kakhulu nokusebenzisana ne-kernel Linux kwakuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi—ukudala izinto ezifana nabashayeli bamadivayisi ahamba kancane kanye nezixhumi zezinhlelo zamafayela endaweni yomsebenzisi kwakudinga inqubo yokubuyekeza esemthethweni ngabathuthukisi be-kernel abanolwazi. Linux.
Ukufika kwe-interface ye-eBPF kwenze kwaba lula kakhulu inqubo yokubhala izinhlelo ezinjalo—umgoqo wokungena wehlisiwe, abathuthukisi bazokwanda, futhi umphakathi uzovuselelwa.
Angingedwa entshisekweni yami: imemezela ukubaluleka kwe-eBPF ekusindeni (!) kwe-kernel development ecosystem. Omunye, unjiniyela owaziwa ngokulinganayo (Ngingumlandeli wakhe omkhulu) , okwase kuyiminyaka engu-50 ingenakulinganiswa.
Khonamanjalo, uLinus Torvalds ngokuvamile akazincomi esidlangalaleni izinto ezinjengalezi, futhi ngiyamqonda—ubani ofuna ukuzenza isilima esidlangalaleni? 🙂
5. Linux cishe yashaya isipikili sokugcina ebhokisini le-FreeBSD ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-io_uring esingavumelani ku-kernel Linux
Njengoba sikhuluma ngomongo Linux, kubalulekile ukuqaphela okunye ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo okwenzeke kulo nyaka: ukufakwa komgogodla omusha nguJens Exboe ovela ku-Facebook.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abaphathi bezinhlelo ze-FreeBSD nabathuthukisi beqinisekisa ukukhetha kwabo ngokuthi i-FreeBSD yayine-I/O engcono kakhulu kune-Asynchronous kune-FreeBSD. LinuxIsibonelo, le mpikiswano Gleb Smirnov kusukela Nginx.
Manje umdlalo ushintshile. futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokusebenza iyamangalisa—ukwanda kokusebenza kwe-I/O kusuka ku-14% kuya ku-102% kuye ngosayizi webhulokhi. Kukhona i-prototype esebenzisa i-asynchronous I/O ku-PostgreSQL (okungenani ), mayelana nokushintshwa kwe-PostgreSQL ibe yi-asynchronous I/O. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa imvelo yokonga yomphakathi yonjiniyela, ngeke sizibone lezi zinguquko ngo-2020.
6. Ukubuya okunqobayo kwe-AMD ngomugqa weprosesa we-Ryzen
Akukho okungajwayelekile, ukuthi i-AMD, inkampani osekunesikhathi eside idlala indima yesibili embonini, yephula irekhodi ngemuva kwerekhodi.
Ulayini omusha wama-Ryzen processors ubonise isilinganiso sentengo/sokusebenza esimangalisayo: bona , futhi kwezinye izifunda Emzabalazweni wokuncintisana, i-Intel iyaphoqeleka : yenza izinhlelo ezidalwe nge-compiler yazo zisebenze kahle kumaphrosesa wezimbangi. Naphezu kwamaqhinga angcolile e-Intel, .
7. Ilandela i-AMD, i-Apple ihlose ukukhipha i-Intel's pie nge-iPadOS namaqhinga amadala kaGates.
Ezimpini phakathi kwama-giants, wonke umuntu okwazi ukuphatha isikhali ngokuvamile uzama ukubamba iqhaza, futhi i-AMD akuyona yodwa ebeka isimangalo ku-Intel's bait. I-Apple yaziphatha njengenkunzi endala ehlaya.
sizokwehla kancane entabeniInkunzi endala nencane ime esiqongweni sentaba, kuyilapho umhlambi wezinkomo uklaba ngezansi.
Inkunzi encane inikeza endala:
- Lalela, ake sehle ngokushesha futhi sife inkomo.
futhi ngokushesha, masinyane sizokhuphuka siphindele phezulu!
- Cha-o!
- Hhayi-ke, ake sehle masinyane-ngokushesha, siphonse izinkomo ezimbili ngayinye futhi masinyane-
Masikhuphuke ngokushesha sibuyele phezulu!
- Cha-o!
- Awu, yini oyiphakamisayo ke?
- Sizokwehla kancane kancane entabeni, sizohudula wonke umhlambi futhi
Ake sibuyele kancane kancane endaweni yethu!
Ngokukhishwa kwe-iPadOS entsha, i-Apple yasebenzisa iqhinga elibizwa ngokuthi “i-innovation ephazamisayo” ngokumelene ne-Intel.
Incazelo ye-Wikipedia
Izinto ezintsha eziphazamisayo ziyizinto ezintsha ezishintsha ibhalansi yenani emakethe. Kulokhu, imikhiqizo ekhona ayincintisani ngenxa nje yokuthi amapharamitha abeqondisa ukuncintisana ngaphambilini alahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwawo.
Izibonelo "zezinto ezintsha eziphazamisayo" zihlanganisa ucingo (oluthathelwe indawo ucingo), imikhumbi-mkhathi (imikhumbi kaseyili eshintshiwe), ama-semiconductors (amashubhu e-vacuum ashintshiwe), amakhamera edijithali (amakhamera efilimu ashintshiwe), kanye ne-imeyili (imeyili yendabuko ephazanyisiwe).
I-Apple isebenzisa awayo amaphrosesa asekelwe ku-ARM enamandla aphansi, futhi lokhu kufakazele ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi kunokusebenza okungaphansi kancane kwe-Intel x86.
I-Apple ithwebula ngempumelelo isabelo semakethe ngokuguqula i-iPad isuke endaweni yokuzijabulisa ibe ithuluzi lomsebenzi elisebenza ngokugcwele—okokuqala eyabadali bokuqukethwe futhi manje konjiniyela. Nakuba singeke sibone i-MacBook esekelwe ku-ARM noma nini maduze, izinkinga ezincane ngomklamo wekhibhodi ye-MacBook Pro ziqhuba ukusesha kwezinye izisombululo, futhi i-iPad Pro ene-iPadOS ithembisa ukuba esinye sazo.
IGates neMicrosoft bahlangene ngani nalokhu?
UGates wake wadonsa iqhinga elifanayo ne-IBM.
Ngawo-1970, i-IBM yayibusa imakethe yeseva, iwashaya indiva amakhompyutha omuntu siqu kumuntu ovamile. Ngawo-1980, uGates wasebenzisa izimali ze-IBM ukudala nokunikeza ilayisense i-MS-DOS, egcina amalungelo esistimu yokusebenza. Ngemva kokuthola imali, iMicrosoft yakha isikhombikubona sezithombe se-MS-DOS, futhi umhlaba wamakhompyutha wazalelwa. Windows — ekuqaleni kwakuyi-graphical overlay ku-DOS, bese kuba uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-PC lokuqala olulungele abantu abaningi. I-IBM, inkampani enkulu, enzima, yalahlekelwa yimakethe yamakhompyutha yomuntu siqu ngenxa ye-Microsoft esencane nesheshayo. Ngifingqe le ndaba emangalisayo kafushane, ngakho-ke uma unesithakazelo sokuthi i-Apple izoncintisana kanjani ne-Intel ngo-2020 nge-iPadOS, ngiyincoma kakhulu. .
8. Ukuqinisa isikhundla sika-ZFSonLinux — ihhashi elidala aliwonakalisi umsele
Inkampani yeCanonical usebenzisa uhlelo lwefayela le-ZFS njengohlelo lwefayela eliyimpande ngqo kusuka kumfaki. Ngezinye izikhathi ngicabanga ukuthi onjiniyela ababesebenza eSun Microsystems bamele uhlobo oluhlukile lwezinto eziphilayo lwe-Homo sapiens (uBrian Cantrill noBrendan Gregg okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla basebenze eSun). Zahlulele ngokwakho, naphezu kweminyaka eminingi yemizamo yabantu yokudala into efana kakhulu nohlelo lwefayela le-ZFS, naphezu kwemikhawulo yelayisensi engenakwehlulwa evimbela ukufakwa kwekhodi yomthombo ye-ZFS egatsheni lokuthuthukiswa kwe-kernel eliyinhloko. Linux, sisasebenzisa i-ZFS futhi lokhu ngeke kushintshe maduze.
9. I-Oxide Computer Company - sizobe siqaphe ngeso lokhozi leli qembu, elikwazi ngokucacile ukwenza okuningi - okungenani, lidale umbukiso opholile.
Ngizophetha uhlu lwami ngokuphinde ngikhulume ngoBrian Cantrill, engaqala ngaye.
UBrian Cantrill nabanye onjiniyela (abanye babo ababengabasebenzi beLanga) basungula inkampani ebizwa ngokuthi , umgomo wayo oyinhloko uwukudala inkundla yeseva efanelekile ukusetshenziswa kwezinga elikhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu ezifana ne-Google, i-Facebook, ne-Amazon azisebenzisi i-hardware yeseva evamile ekusebenzeni kwazo. Inkampani kaBrian ihlose ukubhekana naleli gebe ngokwakha inkundla yehadiwe nesoftware efanele ukusetshenziswa yinoma iyiphi isevisi yamafu (okuhlanganisa nolimi lohlelo lweRust).
Umbono wabo uyisithembiso soguquko olusha, futhi ngizobe, okungenani, ngibukele ngenjabulo ukunyakaza kwemicabango yabo nokuthuthuka kwabo ngo-2020 ozayo.
Esikufezile ngo-2019 e-VDSina
Asizange senze noma yikuphi ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe nge-VDSina ngo-2019, kodwa sisenokuthile okufanele siziqhenye ngakho.
NgoFebhuwari, sengeze ikhono lokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yendawo phakathi kwamaseva futhi sethula isevisi yokubhaliswa kwesizinda. Senze intengo enye yeziphansi kakhulu emakethe-ama-ruble angu-179 we-.ru/.rf, kuhlanganise nokuvuselela.
NgoMashi, sakhuluma ku-IT Global Meetup #14.
Ngo-Ephreli, sandise umkhawulokudonsa weseva ngayinye ukusuka ku-100 kuya ku-200 megabits, futhi sandisa kakhulu umkhawulo wethrafikhi wazo zonke izinhlelo (ngaphandle kwamanani ashibhile) kuya ku-32 TB ngenyanga.
NgoJulayi, amakhasimende anikezwa inketho yokufaka ngokuzenzakalelayo Windows Server 2019. Ukuvikelwa kwe-DDoS kwamahhala kwaqala ukuhlinzekwa ngaphakathi kwendawo yaseMoscow.
Futhi ngoJulayi, inkampani yethu yavela ku-Habr, yenza i-debut yayo nokuthi kusisize kanjani ukuthi senze ukweqa okunekhwalithi ekusekelweni kwamakhasimende.
Ngo-August, sengeze ikhono lokudala izifinyezo—amakhophi ayisipele amaseva.
Senze i-API yomphakathi.
Kunyuswe ububanzi besiteshi kuseva ngayinye ukusuka kumamegabhithi angama-200 kuye kwangama-500.
Sabamba iqhaza engqungqutheleni ye-Chaos Constructions 2019, sinikeza iziswebhu ezinophawu lwenkampani njengokudayiswayo (isiqubulo somkhankaso sasithi "Lapho unjiniyela engaphezulu") futhi saqhumisa izingxoxo zeTelegram.
NgoSepthemba, sethule i-akhawunti ye-Instagram enhle futhi enobungani kakhulu yenkampani ye-IT—yaqala ukwabelana ngezindaba nempilo yansuku zonke ye-VDSina. .
NgoNovemba, saya ku-Highload++, sabamba iqhaza engxoxweni yetafula ethi "Databases in Kubernetes," futhi sagqokisa ababambiqhaza izigqoko zoshaka.
NgoZibandlela, bethula inkulumo kusizindalwazi ku-Kubernetes emhlanganweni we-DevOps ehhovisi le-GazpromNeft nasengqungqutheleni ye-DevOpsDays eMoscow. , obekuwumdlalo wami omuhle kakhulu wonyaka.
isiphetho
Njengoba uNassim Taleb eshilo, kulula kakhulu ukubikezela lokho esingeke sikubone nakanjani. Ngingathanda ukusho ukuthi konke okusha esizokubona ngo-2020 kwaqala ngo-2019, 2018, nangaphambilini. Ngeke ngizame ukubikezela ikusasa ngokunembile, kodwa u-2020 ngokuqinisekile ngeke kube unyaka Linux kudeskithophu (wagcina nini ukubona ideskithophu?) kanye nonyaka Linux Sekuyiminyaka engaba yishumi sibona lokhu kumadivayisi eselula.
Kunoma yikuphi, ngithemba ukuthi ngonyaka sizophinde sihlangane futhi sixoxe ngokuthi konke kwahamba kanjani ngempela.
Amaholide azayo ajabulisayo kuwo wonke umuntu!
Landela unjiniyela wethu ku-Instagram
Source: www.habr.com
