Lapho ngiba umphathi omncane kunabo bonke kuleli phephandaba, umhleli wami oyinhloko wangaleso sikhathi, intokazi eyaba impisi engumakadebona kwezobuntatheli emuva ezikhathini zamaSoviet, yangitshela: “Khumbula, njengoba usuqalile ukukhula, uphatha noma yimuphi umsebenzi wemithombo yezindaba. kufana nokugijima endaweni enamabhomu. Hhayi ngoba iyingozi, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ayinakubikezelwa. Sibhekene nolwazi, futhi akunakwenzeka ukulubala nokuyiphatha. Yingakho bonke abahleli abakhulu besebenza, kodwa akekho noyedwa wethu owaziyo ukuthi uzoqhumisa nini futhi nini ngempela.”
Angizange ngikuqonde ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa-ke, lapho mina, njengoPinocchio, ngikhula, ngafunda futhi ngithenga amabhantshi amasha ayinkulungwane ... Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokufunda kancane ngomlando wobuntatheli baseRussia, ngaqiniseka ukuthi le ngqungquthela. ilungile ngokuphelele. Kukangaki abaphathi bemidiya—ngisho nabaphathi bemidiya abakhulu! - bawuqeda umsebenzi wabo ngenxa yokuhlangana kwezimo okungacabangeki, okwakungenakwenzeka neze ukubikezela.
Ngeke ngikutshele manje ukuthi umhleli oyinhloko we "Izithombe Ezihlekisayo" kanye nomdwebi omkhulu u-Ivan Semenov bacishe bashiswa kanjani izinambuzane - ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama. Lokhu kusese indaba yangoLwesihlanu. Kodwa ngizokutshela indaba mayelana noVasily Zakharchenko omkhulu nosabekayo, ikakhulukazi njengoba kuhambisana nephrofayili kaHabr.
Umagazini waseSoviet othi “Technology for Youth” wawuthanda kakhulu izinganekwane zesayensi nesayensi. Ngakho-ke, babevame ukuyihlanganisa ngokushicilela izinganekwane zesayensi kumagazini.
Iminyaka eminingi, eminingi, kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1984, lo magazini wawuholwa umhleli oyinganekwane uVasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko, okwathi eqinisweni, wangena kuleyo “Technology for Youth” eyaduma ezweni lonke, yaba insumansumane yobuntatheli baseSoviet futhi. yamukelwa kabanzi. Ngenxa yalesi simo sakamuva, ngezikhathi ezithile “Ubuchwepheshe Bentsha” babuphumelela kulokho abambalwa ababephumelela ekunyatheliseni ababhali bezinganekwane zesayensi yamaNgisi namaMelika bangaleso sikhathi.
Cha, ababhali bezinganekwane zesayensi ye-Anglo-American bahumushwa futhi bashicilelwa e-USSR. Kodwa kuma-periodicals - kuyaqabukela.
Kungani? Ngoba lokhu kuyizithameli eziningi. Lawa ama-circulation ahlekisayo ngisho nangezindinganiso zaseSoviet. Ngokwesibonelo, i-“Technology for Youth,” yanyatheliswa ngokusakaza amakhophi ayizigidi ezingu-1,7.
Kodwa, njengoba sengishilo, ngezinye izikhathi kwakusebenza. Ngakho, cishe kuwo wonke u-1980, abathandi bezinganekwane zesayensi abajabulayo bafunda inoveli ka-Arthur C. Clarke ethi “The Fountains of Paradise” kumagazini.
U-Arthur Clarke wayebhekwa njengomngane wezwe laseSoviet, wasivakashela, wavakashela i-Star City, wahlangana futhi wabhalelana ne-cosmonaut u-Alexei Leonov. Ngokuqondene nenoveli ethi "Imithombo YePharadesi," uClark akakaze alifihle iqiniso lokuthi kule noveli wasebenzisa umqondo "wesithathi sendawo," okokuqala wethulwa umklami waseLeningrad u-Yuri Artstanov.
Ngemva kokushicilelwa kwe-"Fountains ..." U-Arthur Clarke wavakashela i-USSR ngo-1982, lapho, ikakhulukazi, wahlangana noLeonov, uZakharchenko no-Arttatunov.
U-Yuri Artstanov no-Arthur Clarke bavakashela iMuseum of Cosmonautics and Rocketry eLeningrad
Futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuvakasha ngo-1984, u-Zakharchenko wakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili ekushicilelweni kwethi "Technology for Youth" kwenye inoveli yombhali wezinganekwane odumile emhlabeni wonke ebizwa ngokuthi "2010: Odyssey Two." Kwakuwukuqhubeka kwencwadi yakhe edumile ethi "2001: A Space Odyssey", ebhalwe ngokusekelwe kumbhalo wefilimu yehlelo likaStanley Kubrick.
Lokhu kwasizwa kakhulu yiqiniso lokuthi kwakunezinto eziningi zaseSoviet encwadini yesibili. Isakhiwo sasisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi umkhumbi-mkhathi "u-Alexei Leonov" nabasebenzi baseSoviet-American ebhodini uthunyelwa kuJupiter ukuze embule imfihlakalo yomkhumbi "Ukutholwa" oshiywe ku-orbit ye-Jupiter encwadini yokuqala.
Yiqiniso, uClark wayezinikezele ekhasini lokuqala:
KwabaseRussia ababili abakhulu: Jikelele A. A. Leonov - cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union, umculi kanye academician A. D. Sakharov - usosayensi, Nobel Prize laureate, humanist.
Kodwa ukuzinikela, niyaqonda, kwaphonswa kumagazini. Nangaphandle komzabalazo wesikhashana.
Umagazini wokuqala waphuma ngokuphepha, walandelwa owesibili, futhi abafundi base bekulindele ngabomvu ukufunda okude, ngokukhululeka - njengango-1980.
Kodwa odabeni lwesithathu akuzange kube khona ukuqhubeka. Abantu bajabule, kodwa base benquma - awukwazi. Okwesine, cishe konke kuzolunga.
Kodwa kumagazini wesine kwakukhona into emangalisayo - ukulandisa okudabukisayo kokuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwenoveli, okugoqiwe kwaba izigaba ezintathu.
"Dokotela, bekuyini lokho?!" Ingabe liyathengiswa?!” - abafundi bencwadi ethi “Technology for Youth” bavule amehlo. Kodwa impendulo yaziwa kuphela ngemva perestroika.
Njengoba kwenzeka, ngemva nje kokuqala kokunyatheliswa kwesihloko esithi “Technology for Youth,” i-International Herald Tribune yanyathelisa isihloko esithi “COSMONAUTS—DISIDENTS,” THANKS TO CENSORS, FLIGHT EMAKHASINI KAMGAZINI WASESOVIET.
S. Sobolev kweyakhe inikeza umbhalo ogcwele waleli nothi. Ithi, ikakhulukazi:
Abaphikisi baseSoviet, abangavamisile ukuthola ithuba lokuhleka kuleli zwe elinesizotha nelihlelekile, namuhla bangalihleka ihlaya elidlalwa kuma-censor kahulumeni umlobi odumile wamaNgisi wezinganekwane zesayensi u-Arthur C. Clarke. Leli hlaya elibonakalayo - "ihhashi leThrojani elincane kodwa elihle," njengoba omunye wabaphikisi alibiza kanjalo, liqukethwe inoveli ka-A. Clarke ethi "2010: The Second Odyssey".<…>
Izibongo zabo bonke osomkhathi abaqanjiwe kule noveli empeleni zihambisana nezibongo zabaphikisi abadumile. <…> Encwadini akukho mehluko wezepolitiki phakathi kwezinhlamvu zesiRashiya. Noma kunjalo, osomkhathi bangamagama:
- UViktor Brailovsky, uchwepheshe wekhompyutha kanye nesinye sezishoshovu eziholayo zamaJuda, okufanele akhululwe kule nyanga ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yokudingiswa e-Asia Ephakathi;
- U-Ivan Kovalev - unjiniyela kanye nomsunguli weqembu manje elihlakaziwe i-Helsinki Human Rights Monitoring Group. Udonsa isigwebo seminyaka eyisikhombisa ekamu okufukuzwa kulo;
— U-Anatoly Marchenko, isisebenzi esineminyaka engamashumi amane nesithupha ubudala esachitha iminyaka engu-18 emakamu ngenxa yenkulumo yezombangazwe futhi kumanje udonsa isigwebo esiphela ngo-1996;
- U-Yuri Orlov - isishoshovu samaJuda futhi omunye wabasunguli beHelsinki Group. Isazi sesayensi yemvelo esidumile u-Orlov waqeda isigwebo seminyaka eyisikhombisa ekamu lokufukuza ngenyanga edlule futhi udonsa esinye isigwebo seminyaka emihlanu ekudingisweni eSiberia.
- ULeonid Ternovsky uyisazi se-physics owasungula i-Helsinki Group eMoscow ngo-1976. Wadonsa isigwebo seminyaka emithathu ekamu;
- UMikola Rudenko, omunye wabasunguli beHelsinki Group e-Ukraine, okwathi ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa eboshiwe ekamu, uzokhululwa kule nyanga futhi athunyelwe endaweni yokuhlala;
- UGleb Yakunin - umpristi weSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, ngo-1980 wagwetshwa iminyaka emihlanu esebenza ekamu kanye neminye iminyaka emihlanu yokuxazulula amacala enkulumo-ze nesiyaluyalu emelene neSoviet.
Kungani uClark wamisa uZakharchenko ngale ndlela, ayenaye, uma engeyena umngane, iminyaka eminingi, okungenani ngokwemibandela emihle kakhulu, akucaci kimi. Abalandeli bombhali baze beza nencazelo ehlakaniphile yokuthi uClark wayengenacala; kwasebenza isimiso esifanayo esazala uGeneral Gogol noGeneral Pushkin eBond. Umlobi wezinganekwane zesayensi, bathi, ngaphandle kokucabanga okwesibili, wasebenzisa izibongo zesiRashiya ezaziwa kakhulu emaphephandabeni aseNtshonalanga - nathi, phakathi kwamaMelika, sasibazi u-Angela Davis noLeonard Peltier kangcono kunanoma ubani omunye. Kunzima ukukukholelwa, noma kunjalo-kuwukukhetha okufana okubuhlungu.
Yebo, ku-"Technology for Youth", wena ngokwakho uyaqonda ukuthi yini eqalile. Njengoba ngaleso sikhathi isikhulu esinomthwalo wemfanelo, futhi kamuva umhleli oyinhloko wephephabhuku, u-Alexander Perevozchikov, wakhumbula:
Ngaphambi kwalesi siqephu, umhleli wethu uVasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko ufakwe emahhovisi aphezulu. Kodwa ngemva kukaClark, isimo sengqondo kuye sashintsha kakhulu. Yena owayesanda kuthola enye indondo yeLenin Komsomol, wadliwa ngokoqobo wagcotshwa odongeni. Futhi umagazini wethu wawusuzobhujiswa. Noma kunjalo, kwakungelona iphutha lethu, kodwa elikaGlavlit. Bekufanele balandele futhi beluleke. Ngakho, sakwazi ukushicilela izahluko ezimbili kuphela kweziyishumi nanhlanu. Izahluko ezisele eziyishumi nantathu ziye zachazwa. Ekhasini lombhalo ophrintiwe ngalandisa ngokuzokwenzeka eClark kamuva. Kodwa uGlavlit owayethukuthele wangiphoqa ukuthi ngifushanise ukuphindaphinda izikhathi ezintathu. Sashicilela i-Odyssey yonke kamuva kakhulu.
Ngempela, uZakharchenko wabhala inothi lencazelo eKomsomol Central Committee, lapho “azehlisa khona phambi kweqembu.” Ngokusho komhleli omkhulu, "ubuso obubili" UClark "ngendlela embi" wanikeza izisebenzi ze-cosmonauts zaseSoviet "amagama eqembu lama-anti-Soviet alethwa icala lobugebengu ngezenzo ezinonya". Umhleli omkhulu uvumile ukuthi usephelelwe wukuqapha wathembisa ukuthi uzolilungisa iphutha.
Vasily Zakharchenko
Akuzange kusize. Umagazini awuzange uvalwe, kodwa wanyakaziswa ngokuphelele. Emasontweni amabili ngemva kokudalulwa kwesihloko saseNtshonalanga, uZakharchenko waxoshwa, futhi izisebenzi eziningi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo zomagazini bathola izinhlawulo zamazinga ahlukahlukene obunzima. U-Zakharchenko, ngaphezu kwalokho, waba "unochoko" - i-visa yakhe yokuphuma yahoxiswa, waxoshwa emabhodini okuhlela "Izincwadi Zezingane" kanye ne "Young Guard", bayeka ukumemela emsakazweni nakuthelevishini - ngisho nasohlelweni aludala. mayelana nabathandi bezimoto, "Ungakwenza Lokhu" .
Esethulweni se-Odyssey 3, u-Arthur C. Clarke waxolisa kuLeonov noZakharchenko, nakuba lokhu kwakamuva kubukeka sengathi kuyahlekisa:
"Ekugcineni, ngithemba ukuthi u-cosmonaut u-Alexei Leonov usengithethelele kakade ngokumbeka eduze kukaDkt Andrei Sakharov (obesekudingisweni eGorky ngesikhathi sokuzinikela kwakhe). Futhi ngizwakalisa ukuzisola kwami ngobuqotho kumphathi wami omuhle waseMoscow kanye nomhleli uVasily Zharchenko (njengoba kumbhalo - Zharchenko - VN) ngokumfaka enkingeni enkulu ngokusebenzisa amagama abantu abahlukene abahlukene - iningi labo, engijabulayo ukuliphawula. , abasekho ejele . Ngelinye ilanga, ngiyethemba, ababhalisele i-Tekhnika Molodezhi bazokwazi ukufunda lezo zahluko zenoveli ezanyamalala ngendlela engaqondakali.”
Ngeke kube khona ukuphawula, ngizoqaphela kuphela ukuthi ngemva kwalokhu kuyamangaza ngandlela-thile ukukhuluma ngokungahleliwe.
Ikhava yenoveli 2061: Odyssey Three, lapho kuvela khona ukuxolisa
Lokho, eqinisweni, yiyo yonke indaba. Ake ngidonse ukunaka kwakho eqinisweni lokuthi konke lokhu kwenzeka kakade ezikhathini zaseChernenkov, futhi kwakusele izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwe-perestroika, ukusheshisa kanye ne-glasnost. Futhi inoveli kaClark yanyatheliswa ku-"Technology for Youth", futhi emuva ezikhathini zaseSoviet - ngo-1989-1990.
Ngiyavuma ngokweqiniso - le ndaba ingishiya nginemibono emibili, noma kathathu.
Manje kuyamangaza ukuthi kwakungakanani ukungqubuzana ngokwemibono ngaleso sikhathi, uma ukudalelwa kwabantu kwakucekeleke phansi ngenxa yento encane kangaka.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthi izwe lethu lalisho lukhulu kangakanani emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi. Namuhla kunzima kimi ukucabanga ngesimo lapho umbhali wezinganekwane zesayensi yaseNtshonalanga wezinga lokuqala ezonikela incwadi kumaRussia amabili.
Futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi kwakukukhulu kangakanani ukubaluleka kolwazi ezweni lakithi ngaleso sikhathi. Phela nasodabeni oludalulayo lwe-International Herald Tribune kwaphawulwa ekudluliseni lokho “Abantu baseRussia baphakathi kwabalandeli abazinikele kakhulu bezinganekwane zesayensi emhlabeni”, futhi ukusakazwa kwesigidi nesigamu sikamagazini othandwayo wesayensi kuwubufakazi obungcono kakhulu balokhu.
Manje, vele, yonke into isishintshile. Kwezinye izindlela zibe ngcono, kwezinye zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Ishintshe kakhulu kangangokuthi cishe akukho lutho olusele emhlabeni lapho le ndaba yenzeka khona. Futhi emhlabeni omusha onesibindi, akekho osenesithakazelo kubaphikisi abenze umsebenzi wabo, noma umagazini othi “Technology for Youth”, manje onyatheliswa ekusakazweni okungasho lutho ngoxhaso lukahulumeni, noma - yini edabukisayo kubo bonke? - ikheshi yesikhala.
U-Yuri Artstanov ushone kamuva nje, ngoJanuwari 1, 2019, kodwa akekho owaqaphela. Okuwukuphela kwencwadi yomngcwabo yashicilelwa ephephandabeni iTroitsky Variant ngemva kwenyanga.
Source: www.habr.com