Ngesonto eledlule sike saxoxa , lapho ukuphawula kusibonise ukubaluleka kwama-internship kanye nolwazi olusebenzayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungavumelani nalokhu, ngoba ulwazi lwethiyori kufanele luhlanganiswe ngokwenza. Ngalokhu okuthunyelwe sivula uchungechunge lwezihloko mayelana ne-internship yasehlobo yabafundi: ukuthi abafana bafika kanjani lapho, benzani lapho nokuthi kungani kukuhle.
Esihlokweni sokuqala, ngizokutshela ukuthi ungaziphumelela kanjani zonke izigaba zezingxoxo futhi uthole i-internship e-Google.
Amagama ambalwa ngawe
Ngingumfundi owenza unyaka wokuqala ekhempasini ye-HSE St. Petersburg; ngiqedele iziqu zokufunda ngomshini eNyuvesi Yezemfundo. Phakathi nezifundo zami ze-undergraduate, ngangihileleke ngentshiseko ezinhlelweni zezemidlalo futhi ngahlanganyela kuma-hackathon ahlukahlukene. Ungafunda mayelana nokwakamuva , и .
Mayelana ne-internship
Okokuqala, ngifuna ukukutshela kancane mayelana nokuthi i-internship yakwa-Google ibukeka kanjani ngaphakathi.
Wonke umfundi oza ku-Google wabelwa ithimba. Lokhu kungaba yiqembu elithuthukisa ingqalasizinda yangaphakathi abantu abangaphandle kwenkampani abangakaze bezwe ngayo, noma umkhiqizo osetshenziswa izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Imikhiqizo enjalo ingase ibe i-YouTube eyaziwa kakhulu, i-Google Amadokhumenti neminye. Njengoba inqwaba, noma amakhulu onjiniyela abambisene ekwakhiweni kwalawa maphrojekthi, uzogcina useqenjini elisebenza ngokukhethekile engxenyeni ethile yayo encane. Isibonelo, ehlobo lika-2018, ngasebenza ku-Google Amadokhumenti, ngengeza ukusebenza okusha kokusebenza ngamatafula.
Njengoba ungumfundi enkampanini, unomphathi obizwa ngokuthi umsingathi. Lesi isibali sikhathi esigcwele esijwayelekile esikhiqiza imikhiqizo. Uma ungazi okuthile, awukwazi ukukuxazulula, noma ubhekene nanoma yiziphi izinkinga, kufanele uxhumane naye. Ngokuvamile, imihlangano yamasonto onke yomuntu ngamunye ihlelelwe lapho ungaxoxa khona ngesimo samanje kuphrojekthi noma uxoxe ngokuthile okungahlobene nhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphathi ungomunye walabo bantu abazohlola umsebenzi owenzile ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa. Izophinde ihlolwe ngumbuyekezi wesibili, owengeziwe. Futhi-ke, banentshisekelo yokuthi uphumelele.
I-Google izogxilisa kuwe, kodwa lokhu akuqinisekile, umkhuba omuhle wokubhala idokhumenti yokuklama ngaphambi kokuthi wenze noma yini. Kulabo abangazi, idokhumenti yokuklama idokhumenti echaza ingqikithi yenkinga ekhona, kanye nencazelo eningiliziwe yobuchwepheshe yesisombululo sayo. Idokhumenti yokuklama ingabhalelwa umkhiqizo wonke, noma umsebenzi owodwa nje omusha. Ngemva kokufunda amadokhumenti anjalo, ungaqonda inhloso umkhiqizo owaqanjwa ngayo nokuthi wasetshenziswa kanjani. Futhi ngokuvamile emazwaneni ungabona izingxoxo phakathi konjiniyela bexoxa ngezindlela ezihlukene zokuqalisa ingxenye ethile yephrojekthi. Lokhu kunikeza ukuqonda okuhle kwenhloso yesinqumo ngasinye.
Okwenza lolu hlelo lokufunda lukhetheke ukuthi uthola ukusebenzisa amanye amathuluzi okuthuthukisa angaphakathi amangalisayo i-Google enawo ngobuningi. Njengoba ngisebenze nabo futhi ngikhulume nabantu abaningi abake basebenza e-Amazon, Nvidia nezinye izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezaziwa kakhulu, ngingaphetha ngokuthi lawa mathuluzi anethuba eliphezulu lokuba amathuluzi angcono kakhulu oyoke uhlangane nawo empilweni yakho. Isibonelo, ithuluzi elibizwa nge-Google Code Search likuvumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokubuka yonke i-codebase yakho, umlando wezinguquko kulayini ngamunye wekhodi, kodwa futhi likunikeza ikhono lokuzulazula ngekhodi esiyijwayele ezindaweni ezithuthukisiwe zesimanje. njenge-Intellij Idea. Futhi kulokhu udinga nje isiphequluli! Ububi obuhlobene nalesi sici ukuthi uzophuthelwa yilawa mathuluzi ngaphandle kwe-Google.
Mayelana nezinto ezinhle, inkampani inamahhovisi apholile, ukudla okuhle, indawo yokuzivocavoca, umshwalense omuhle nokunye. Ngizoshiya lapha izithombe ezimbalwa ezivela ehhovisi laseNew York:
Ungawuthola kanjani umnikelo?
Uhlolojikelele
Manje sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngokuthile okungathí sina: kanjani ukuthola i-internship?
Lapha ngeke sikhulume nge-Google, kodwa mayelana nokuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani esimweni esivamile. Ngizobhala ngezansi mayelana nezici zenqubo yokukhetha umfundi kwa-Google.
Inqubo yenhlolokhono yenkampani ingase ibukeke kanje:
- Isicelo se-internship
- Ukuncintisana ku-Hackerrank/TripleByte Quiz
- Inhlolokhono yokuhlola
- Inhlolokhono yokuqala yobuchwepheshe
- Inhlolokhono yesibili yobuchwepheshe
- Inhlolokhono ye-Onsight
Isicelo se-internship
Ngokusobala, konke kuqala ngesifiso sakho sokuthola i-internship. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ukuveze ngokugcwalisa ifomu kuwebhusayithi yenkampani. Uma wena (noma abangani bakho) unabangane abasebenza lapho, ungazama ukungena ngabo. Le nketho iyathandeka ngoba ikusiza ukuthi ugqame esixukwini sabanye abafundi. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, zisebenzise.
Zama ukungathukutheli kakhulu lapho uthola ama-imeyili anokuqukethwe njengokuthi “upholile, kodwa sikhethe amanye amakhandidethi.” Futhi lapha nginezeluleko kuwe:
Ukuncintisana ku-Hackerrank/TripleByte Quiz
Uma umqashi ethanda ukuqhubeka kwakho, emasontweni angu-1-2 uzothola incwadi enomsebenzi olandelayo. Cishe, uzonikezwa ukuthatha umncintiswano ku-Hackerrank, lapho uzodinga ukuxazulula izinkinga ze-algorithmic ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, noma i-TripleByte Quiz, lapho uzodinga ukuphendula imibuzo ehlukahlukene mayelana ne-algorithms, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kanye nomklamo we-low- izinhlelo ezingeni. Lesi sigaba sisebenza njengesihlungi sokuqala kunqubo yokukhetha ikhandidethi.
Inhlolokhono yokuhlola
Uma ukuhlolwa kuphumelele, uzoba nenhlolokhono yokuhlola, lapho uzokhuluma nomqashisi mayelana nezinto ozithakaselayo kanye namaphrojekthi inkampani enikezela ngayo kubafundi abasaqeqeshwa. Uma ubonisa intshisekelo nolwazi lwakho lwangaphambilini lufana nokulindelwe yinkampani, uzonikezwa ukukhanya okuluhlaza. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, lena indawo engalindelekile kakhulu kuyo yonke inqubo, futhi kuncike kakhulu kumuntu oqashayo.
Uma uphumelele lezi zivivinyo ezintathu, khona-ke inqwaba yokungahleliwe isivele isemva kwakho. Bese kuba nezingxoxo zobuchwepheshe, ezincike kakhulu kuwe, okusho ukuthi ungathonya umphumela wazo kakhulu. Futhi lokhu kuhle!
Izingxoxo Zobuchwepheshe
Okulandelayo kuza izingxoxo zobuchwepheshe, ezivame ukuqhutshwa nge-Skype noma i-Hangouts. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunezinsizakalo ezingavamile ezidinga ukufakwa kwesofthiwe eyengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi yonke into isebenza kukhompyutha yakho kusengaphambili.
Ifomethi yezingxoxiswano zobuchwepheshe iyahluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo oxoxisana naso. Uma sikhuluma nge-Software Engineering Intern isikhundla, khona-ke cishe uzonikezwa izinkinga ezimbalwa ze-algorithmic, isisombululo esizodinga ukufakwa ikhodi kumhleli wekhodi ye-inthanethi, isibonelo, . Bangase futhi bakubuze umbuzo wokuklama ogxile entweni ukuze babone ukuthi uwuqonda kahle kangakanani ukwakhiwa kwesofthiwe. Isibonelo, bangacelwa ukuthi badizayine isitolo esiku-inthanethi esilula. Yiqiniso, angikaze ngihlangabezane nomsebenzi onjalo ngesixazululo esingakwazi ngempela ukwahlulela leli khono. Ekupheleni kwenhlolokhono, cishe uzonikezwa ithuba lokubuza imibuzo. Ngincoma kakhulu ukuthi uthathe lokhu ngokungathi sína, ngoba ngemibuzo ungabonisa intshisekelo yakho kuphrojekthi futhi ubonise ikhono lakho esihlokweni. Ngokuvamile ngilungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo engase ibe khona kusengaphambili:
- Ngabe isebenza kanjani kuphrojekthi?
- Iyiphi inselelo enkulu oke waba nayo ukuthi uyixazulule kamuva nje?
- Uyini umnikelo wonjiniyela emkhiqizweni wokugcina?
- Kungani unqume ukusebenzela le nkampani?
Awubuzwa njalo umuntu ozosebenza naye esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, imibuzo yokugcina inganikeza ukuqonda ngokwenzeka enkampanini iyonke. Kimina, isibonelo, kubalulekile ukuthi ngibe nomthelela kumkhiqizo wokugcina.
Uma uyiphumelele ngempumelelo inhlolokhono yokuqala, uzonikezwa eyesibili. Kuzohluka kweyokuqala kumuntu oxoxisana naye futhi, ngokufanele, emisebenzini. Ifomethi cishe iyohlala ifana. Ngemva kokuphumelela inhlolokhono yesibili, bangase banikeze eyesithathu.
Inhlolokhono ye-Onsight
Uma kuze kube manje ungakanqatshwa, khona-ke inhlolokhono yokubona ngamehlo engqondo ikulindile, lapho lowo ozongenela ukhetho emenyelwa inhlolokhono ehhovisi lenkampani. Ngokuvamile iqukethe izingxoxo zobuchwepheshe ezimbalwa kanye nenhlolokhono eyodwa yokuziphatha. Ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana ngokuziphatha, ukhuluma nomphathi mayelana namaphrojekthi akho, yiziphi izinqumo ozenzile ezimweni ezahlukene, nokunye okunjalo. Okusho ukuthi, oxoxa naye uzama ukuqonda kangcono ubuntu bakho futhi aqonde ulwazi lwakho ngokuningiliziwe. Ezinye izinkampani ezenza izingxoxo zobuchwepheshe ezi-3-4 zinikeza inhlolokhono eyodwa kuphela yokuziphatha ukude esikhundleni senhlolokhono yokubona ngamehlo.
Manje osekusele ukulinda impendulo yomqashisi. Uma konke kuhambe kahle, khona-ke uzothola incwadi enesipho okade ulindelwe. Uma kungekho okunikezwayo, ungaphatheki kabi. Izinkampani zenqaba ngokuhlelekile amakhandidethi alungile. Zama ukufaka isicelo se-internship futhi ngonyaka ozayo.
Ingxoxo yokubhala ikhodi
Ngakho-ke, linda... Asikenzi noma yiziphi izinhlolokhono. Sisanda kuthola ukuthi yonke inqubo ibukeka kanjani futhi manje kufanele silungiselele kahle izingxoxo ukuze singaphuthelwa ithuba lokuba nehlobo elimnandi neliwusizo.
Kukhona izinsiza ezifana , и esengizibalulile. Kulawa masayithi ungathola inombolo enkulu yezinkinga ze-algorithmic, futhi futhi uthumele izixazululo zabo zokuqinisekisa okuzenzakalelayo. Konke lokhu kuhle, kodwa kungikhumbuza ukudubula ondlunkulu ngenganono. Imisebenzi eminingi kulezi zinsiza iklanyelwe ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukuxazulula futhi idinga ulwazi lwe-algorithms ethuthukisiwe nezakhiwo zedatha, kuyilapho imisebenzi ezingxoxweni ngokuvamile ayinzima kangako futhi yakhelwe ukuthatha imizuzu emi-5-20. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sethu, insiza efana , eyadalwa njengethuluzi lokulungiselela izingxoxo zobuchwepheshe. Uma uxazulula izinkinga ezingu-100-200 zobunzima obuhlukahlukene, cishe ngeke ube nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana. Basekhona abafanelekile , lapho ungakhetha khona isikhathi seseshini, isibonelo, amaminithi angu-60, futhi uhlelo luzokukhethela isethi yezinkinga, okuyinto ngokwesilinganiso ethatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora ukuxazulula.
Abantu abaningi bancoma ukuthi ufunde le ncwadi "" Mina ngokwami ngikhetha kuphela izingxenye ezithile zayo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaxazulula izinkinga eziningi ze-algorithmic phakathi neminyaka yami yesikole. Noma ubani ongakaze abe nolwazi olunjalo kufanele okungenani aphenye le ncwadi.
Futhi, uma ube nezingxoxo ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe nezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe empilweni yakho, ngakho-ke kuyanconywa ukuthi uthathe ezimbalwa zesivivinyo. Kodwa okuningi, kungcono. Lokhu kuzokusiza uzizwe uqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ngesikhathi senhlolokhono futhi unciphise novalo. Izingxoxo mbumbulu zingahlelwa ku .
Izingxoxo zokuziphatha
Njengoba ngishilo, phakathi nenhlolokhono yokuziphatha, oxoxisana naye uzama ukufunda okwengeziwe ngolwazi lwakho futhi aqonde umlingiswa wakho. Kuthiwani uma ungunjiniyela omuhle kodwa ungasebenzi kahle eqenjini? Ngesaba ukuthi lokhu ngeke kufane nabantu abaningi. Isibonelo, ungabuzwa umbuzo olandelayo: "Buyini ubuthakathaka bakho?" Ngaphezu kwemibuzo yalolu hlobo, uzocelwa ukuthi ukhulume ngamaphrojekthi obambe iqhaza elikhulu kuwo, ngezinkinga ohlangabezane nazo, kanye nezixazululo zazo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi emizuzwini yokuqala yezingxoxo zobuchwepheshe ungabuzwa futhi ngalokhu. Indlela yokulungiselela izingxoxo ezinjalo ibhalwe kahle kwesinye sezahluko ze-"Cracking the Coding Interview".
Manje njengoba sesiqonda ukuthi inqubo yokukhetha abafundi abafunda umsebenzi ibukeka kanjani ngokujwayelekile kanye nendlela yokulungiselela inhlolokhono, sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngokuthi isebenza kanjani endabeni ye-Google.
Uhlu lwama-internship atholakalayo lungatholakala . Uma uhlela ukuya kwi-internship yasehlobo, kufanele uqale ukufaka isicelo ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
izingxoxo
Lapha inqubo ibonakala ingavamile kancane. Uzoba nenhlolokhono yokuhlola kanye nezingxoxo ezimbili zobuchwepheshe. Uma uzibonisa kahle kuzo, uzodlulela esigabeni sokufuna iphrojekthi. Uzodinga ukugcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo olude lapho uzokhombisa khona wonke amakhono akho amanje, futhi uveze okuncamelayo esihlokweni sephrojekthi kanye nendawo ofuna ukwenza kuyo i-internship.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcwalisa leli fomu kahle nangenkuthalo! Abasubathi abangaba khona abafuna abantu abazojoyina iphrojekthi yabo babheka othisha abakhona futhi bahlele izingxoxo nabantu ababathandayo. Bangakwazi ukuhlunga abafundi ngendawo, amagama angukhiye, omaka efomini lesicelo, futhi bahlele ngezikolo zenhlolokhono.
Phakathi nengxoxo, oxoxisana naye ukhuluma ngephrojekthi okuzosetshenzwa kuyo futhi afunde ngolwazi lomuntu ozobhalwa. Leli yithuba elihle lokuthola ukuthi inqubo yomsebenzi izobukeka kanjani ngempela, ngoba uxhumana nomuntu ozoba umphathi wakho. Ngemuva kwenhlolokhono, ubhalela oqasha incwadi ngemibono yakho yephrojekthi. Uma uthanda iphrojekthi, futhi oxoxisana naye ekuthanda, khona-ke umnikelo ulindele wena. Uma kungenjalo, uzolindela izingcingo zokulandelela, okungenzeka kube ngu-2-3-4, noma mhlawumbe kungabi nhlobo. Kuyafaneleka ukucacisa ukuthi noma ngabe uphumelele kahle izingxoxo, kodwa esigabeni sokufuna iphrojekthi akukho nelilodwa iqembu elikukhethile (noma mhlawumbe akekho owake wakhuluma nawe), khona-ke, maye, uzosala ngaphandle kokunikezwa. .
I-Europe noma iMelika?
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uzodinga ukunquma ukuthi uzoba ne-internship yakho kuphi. Nganginokukhetha phakathi kwe-USA kanye . Futhi lapha kubalulekile ukwazi ngezinye izici. Isibonelo, kunomuzwa wokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukufika e-USA. Okokuqala, kuzodingeka uthathe umncintiswano owengeziwe wemizuzu engu-90 lapho kuzodingeka uxazulule izinkinga ze-algorithmic, kanye nomunye umbuzo wemizuzu engu-15 ozama ukuveza umlingiswa wakho. Okwesibili, kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami kanye nesipiliyoni sabangane bami, esigabeni sokusesha, amaqembu anentshisekelo encane kuwe. Isibonelo, ngo-2017 ngaba nengxoxo eyodwa kuphela, ngemva kwalokho iqembu lakhetha omunye umuntu futhi angizange ngithole isipho. Ngenkathi abafana abafaka izicelo eYurophu babe namaphrojekthi angama-4-5. Ngo-2018, bangitholele iqembu ngoJanuwari, sekudlule isikhathi. Abafana basebenza eNew York, ngawuthanda umsebenzi wabo, futhi ngavuma.
Njengoba ubona, e-US izinto ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa ngangifuna ukuya khona kakhulu kunokuya eYurophu. Futhi e-USA bakhokha kakhulu.
Yini okufanele uyenze ngemva?
Ekupheleni kwe-internship unezinketho ezimbili:
- Thola i-internship yonyaka ozayo.
- Dlula izinhlolokhono ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ukuze uthole isikhundla esigcwele.
Lezi zinketho ezimbili ziyatholakala uma nje uqedele ngempumelelo iphrojekthi yakho yamanje. Uma lokhu kungeyona i-internship yakho yokuqala, ungase unikezwe isikhundla sesikhathi esigcwele ngaphandle kwezingxoxo.
Ngakho-ke, kuvela isimo esilandelayo, esingachazwa ngesithombe esisodwa:
Njengoba lokhu kwakuyi-internship yami yokuqala, nganquma ukudlula izinhlolokhono ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ukuze ngithole isikhundla sesikhathi esigcwele. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yabo, bavuma ukunginika isipho futhi baqala ukufuna iqembu, kodwa ngenqaba le nketho ngoba nginqume ukuqeda iziqu zami zenkosi. I-Google cishe ayinakwenzeka eminyakeni engu-2-3.
isiphetho
Bangane, ngithemba ukuthi ngichaze ngendlela efinyelelekayo neqondakalayo ukuthi ibukeka kanjani indlela esuka kumfundi uye kofunda umsebenzi. (bese kubuya...), futhi lokhu kwaziswa kuzothola umfundi wayo oyokuthola kuwusizo. Njengoba ubona, lokhu akunzima njengoba kungase kubonakale, udinga nje ukubeka eceleni ubuvila bakho, ukwesaba kwakho bese uqala ukuzama!
PS nami nginayo lapha enqoleni lapho ungabheka khona.
Source: www.habr.com