Khumbula ikati elithandekayo elathimula kusikrini sekhathuni yaseSoviet? Siyakhumbula, futhi sayithola - kanye nenqwaba yezinganekwane ezidwetshwe ngesandla. Eseyingane, wayesabeka futhi ephazamisa ngoba wayekhuluma ngezihloko zabantu abadala. Sekuyisikhathi sokubuyekeza opopayi abadala ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwekusasa ababephupha ngalo kulelo zwe.
1977: "I-Polygon"
Umlingisi wopopayi u-Anatoly Petrov ube nesandla emakhathuni amaningi adumile aseSoviet, kusukela ku-“The Town Musicians of Bremen” kuya “ku-Boniface’s Vacation.” Umsebenzi wakhe ozimele wawuthakazelisa kakhulu: wadweba ihluzo ezingokoqobo ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Isibonelo esidume kakhulu sesitayela sikaPetrov kwakuyikhathuni emfushane ethi "Polygon" esekelwe endabeni yokulwa nempi yomlobi wesayensi yezinganekwane uSever Gansovsky.
Isakhiwo silula: umsunguli ongashiwongo igama uqhamuke nethangi elingenabungozi elifunda imicabango yesitha. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu yesikhali esihle kwenzeka esiqhingini esishisayo - ngokusobala, lokhu kubhekisela eziqhingini zaseBikini nase-Enewetak. Ikhomishana yezempi ihlanganisa ujenene, owafa ngaphansi komyalo wakhe indodana yeqhawe. Ithangi libhubhisa amasosha, bese kuba umdali walo oziphindiselela.
Ukudala umphumela wevolumu, izinhlamvu zadwetshwa ezingqimbeni ezimbili ze-celluloid, futhi eyodwa yadutshulwa ngaphandle kokugxila. Ezikhathini ezishubile, isithombe esilufifi siba bukhali. Ikhamera inyakaza ngaso sonke isikhathi, iqhwanda isikhashana nje. Alikho igazi ohlakeni futhi okuwukuphela komculo ingoma edumile ethi "Tanha Shodam" ka-Ahmad Zaheer. Konke lokhu ndawonye kudlulisa imizwa yokukhathazeka, yokwesaba kanye nokudangala - imizwa yenkathi lapho Iwashi Losuku Lwembubhiso libonisa imizuzu engu-9 ukuya phakathi kwamabili. Ngendlela, ngo-2018 inaliti ihanjiswe ku-23:58 - ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi ukubikezela kwagcwaliseka?
1978: "Xhumana"
Ngo-1968, umlingisi wopopayi waseCanada uGeorge Dunning waqondisa umkhumbi-ngwenya odumile oYellow. Ikhathuni lafika eSoviet Union ngeminyaka yawo-80 kuphela ngamakhasethi aphihliwe. Kodwa-ke, emuva ngo-1978, umqondisi nomdwebi uVladimir Tarasov wathwebula i-phantasmagoria yakhe yomculo ecacile. Kufushane, kodwa ungambona nakanjani u-John Lennon kumlingiswa oyinhloko. Lona ukufaneleka komculi u-Nikolai Koshkin, "owacaphuna" i-cartoon yomculo yaseNtshonalanga.
USoviet "Lennon" ungumculi owahamba emoyeni. Emvelweni, uhlangana nomfokazi, naye ongumculi owakhe. Isidalwa esingenasimo sishintsha sibe yizinto esizibonayo. Ekuqaleni le ndoda iyesaba, kodwa ibe isifundisa isivakashi ukushaya ikhwela ingoma ethi “Speak Softly Love” ethi “The Godfather.” Ngokungafani nezihlobo zakhe ezikude zaseKubhujisweni, umfokazi uba umngane womuntu futhi ugibela naye ekushoneni kwelanga.
I-Life Hack: vala iculo lokuqala elithi “Thintana” bese uvule uLucy esibhakabhakeni ngamadayimane. Uzoqaphela ukuthi izithombe zekhathuni zifana nomculo cishe ngokuphelele.
1980: "I-Return"
"Buyela" kungenye ikhathuni yaseTarasov. Uchaza izehlakalo ezingavamile ngokwezindinganiso zezinganekwane zesayensi: umkhumbi wezimpahla zasemkhathini i-Valdai T-614 wabanjwa eshaweni ye-meteorite futhi wonakala, ngenxa yalokho ungafikela eMhlabeni ngesandla. Umshayeli wendiza uyalulekwa ukuthi alale ngokwanele ngaphambi kokuba afike. Uzumeka ubuthongo obukhulu futhi uzama ukumvusa uyehluleka. Nokho, lapho indlela yomkhumbi idlula emzini wakhe osedolobhaneni, umkhathi ngandlela-thile uyakuzwa, uyavuka futhi wehlise umkhumbi.
Akukacaci noma ukuquleka kwaleli qhawe kusongela inhlekelele. Lo mculo (i-5th Symphony kaGustav Mahler) ukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi lesi simo siyethusa. Ababhali belulekwa yi-cosmonaut u-Alexei Leonov, ngakho-ke ifilimu ikhombisa ngokunembile uhlangothi lwezobuchwepheshe lwezindiza. Ngasikhathi sinye, iqiniso kanye nempilo yansuku zonke kwephulwa izinkomba ezikhanyayo ze-"Alien," eyakhululwa ngonyaka owedlule. Ingaphakathi leloli lasemkhathini lifana nomkhumbi ka-Giger, futhi umshayeli wendiza ngokwakhe akafani kangako nomuntu. Ikhathuni elifushane liyethusa kancane kunesigcawu sakudala se-facehugger.
1981: "I-Space Aliens"
Ababhali abadumile bezinganekwane zesayensi abazalwane baseStrugatsky babhala imibhalo eminingana yezithombe zopopayi, kodwa ukucwaninga kweSoviet kwababulala bonke. Konke ngaphandle kweyodwa, u-Arkady Strugatsky abhala kanye nomngane wakhe, umlobi kanye nomhumushi uMarian Tkachev. Lesi bekuyisikripthi sesiqephu sokuqala se-Space Aliens.
Itulo liyathembisa: umkhumbi wabafokazi wehlela eMhlabeni, abafokazi bathumela amarobhothi amnyama aphenyayo. Iqembu lososayensi lizama ukuthola ukuthi izivakashi zasemkhathini zifunani. Bese kuvela ukuthi bafuna ukwabelana nobuchwepheshe. Ingabe uku-odile okuthi “Ukufika”?
Idwetshwe ngendlela ye-avant-garde-constructivist, le khathuni ihlala nje imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu. Kubonakala kuyinde kakhulu ngoba ijubane lemicimbi esikrinini alilingani futhi liyanensa. Ukuzola okudabukisayo abalingisi bephimisa ngakho imishwana emide ngokweqile kugcizelela ikakhulukazi lesi sici se-"Aliens."
Imizekeliso yefilosofi "yokuhlola" yayingenye yezinhlobo ezithandwayo zama-animators aseSoviet. Nokho, "Aliens" weqa umugqa phakathi "lokhu kujulile" futhi "lokhu kuyisicefe." Kubonakala sengathi Strugatsky waqaphela lokhu, ngakho isiqephu sesibili wathwebula ngaphandle kwakhe. Kuyo, abafokazi bavivinya isimilo sabantu. Abantu bayalubekezelela uvivinyo, futhi konke kubonakala kuphetha kahle. Futhi kuhle ukuthi iyaphela.
1984: “Kuzoba nemvula encane”
Ngo-1950, umbhali waseMelika uRay Bradbury wabhala enye yezindaba ezidume kakhulu zangemuva kwe-apocalyptic emlandweni walolu hlobo. “Kuzoba Nemvula Emnene” ilandisa ukuthi “ikhaya elihlakaniphile” eliyirobhothi liqhubeka kanjani nokusebenza ngemva kokuqhuma kwebhomu le-athomu. Eminyakeni engu-34 kamuva, i-Uzbekfilm yenza ikhathuni emfushane, ethinta inhliziyo esekelwe endabeni.
Umbhalo ka-Bradbury unikezwa ngenkululeko embalwa yokudala. Isibonelo, endabeni isikhathi esithile sesidlulile ngemva kwenhlekelele - izinsuku noma inyanga. Kulo mdwebo, irobhothi, elingaqondi ukuthi kwenzekeni, lithuntutha umlotha wabanikazi abashiswe ngayizolo emibhedeni yabo. Khona-ke inyoni indizela endlini, irobhothi liyayijaha futhi lichithe indlu ngephutha.
Lokhu kujwayela kwefilimu kuwine imiklomelo emikhosini emithathu yamazwe ngamazwe kanye neyodwa ye-All-Union. Umqondisi kanye screenwriter ikhathuni kwaba umlingisi kanye nomqondisi Nazim Tulyakhodzhaev kusukela Tashkent. Ngendlela, umsebenzi wakhe ngezinto zikaBradbury awuzange uphele lapho: eminyakeni emithathu kamuva wenza ifilimu esekelwe endabeni ethi "The Veldt". Kulezi zimo ezimbili zefilimu, izethameli zikhumbula "Kuzoba Nemvula Emnene," ngoba ukwesaba kwempi yomhlaba wonke kunzima ukuphazamisa noma ukuqeda nganoma yini.
1985: "Inkontileka"
Opopayi baseSoviet babethanda ukwenza ifilimu ababhali bezinganekwane zakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela amaphrojekthi aqhakazile, izithelo zangempela zothando. Njengekhathuni "Inkontileka" esekelwe endabeni yegama elifanayo likaRobert Silverberg. Isitayela esikhanyayo, se-avant-garde, esithandwa kakhulu ngumqondisi uTarasov, sikhumbuza ubuciko be-pop. Ukuphelezelwa komculo - izingcaphuno zengoma ye-jazz ethi, Angikwazi Ukukunika Okunye Ngaphandle Kothando, Baby eyenziwa ngu-Ella Fitzgerald.
Kokubili owokuqala kanye nekhathuni ziqala ngendlela efanayo: u-colonist ulwa nezilo emhlabeni ongahlali muntu. Umdayisi wamarobhothi uyafika ezomsiza, okuvele ukuthi, wadedela lezi zilo ukuze aphoqe abantu ukuthi bathenge izimpahla zakhe. Umkoloni uthintana nenkampani emthumele emhlabeni futhi uthola ukuthi, ngokwemibandela yenkontileka, akakwazi ukuhwebelana nerobhothi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthumela izinto zansuku zonke njengama-razors, uzokhishwa ngesikhumba izikhathi ezintathu, ngoba banesibopho sokumnika kuphela izidingo zokuphila.
Khona-ke isakhiwo sokuqala kanye nokuguqulwa kwefilimu kuyahlukana. Endabeni, irobhothi lisongela ukudubula ikoloni. Umkoloni uphuma ngobuhlakani kulesi simo ngokufuna imali enkampanini ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe, futhi ngemva kokwenqaba, uphula isivumelwano futhi athi iplanethi ingeyakhe ngelungelo lobuphayona. Ngisho nokugunyazwa okuyindida kwemikhuba yonxiwankulu kwakungamukelekile kuNyunyana. Ngakho-ke, kukhathuni, izinkampani zekholoni kanye nerobhothi ziqala impi. Irobhothi liyazidela ukuze ligcine umuntu efudumele phakathi neqhwa elingalindelekile. Naphezu komlayezo ocacile wemibono, ikhathuni ishiya umbono omnandi.
1985-1995: I-Fantadrome
Uchungechunge lwezingane olugqwayizayo lwe-Fantadroms lubukeka sengathi ludwetshwe opopayi baseNtshonalanga. Eqinisweni, iziqephu ezintathu zokuqala zakhululwa yiTelefilm-Riga, kwathi ezinye eziyishumi zakhululwa yi-studio yaseLatvia iDauka.
Umlingiswa oyinhloko we-Fantadrome yikati irobhothi u-Indrix XIII, ongashintsha umumo. Uyena othimula ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesiqephu ngasinye. Kanye nabangane balo, ikati lasemkhathini lisindisa abafokazi kanye nabantu ezimeni ezingezinhle ezifana nemililo, ukungezwani, noma ukuntuleka kukasawoti kungazelelwe ngesikhathi sasekuseni. Iziza ze "Fantadrome" zembulwa ngaphandle kwamagama, kuphela ngezithombe, umculo nemisindo, njengaku-Disney's "Fantasia".
Iziqephu ezintathu zokuqala ze-"Soviet" zibukeka zibalulekile: zigxile emikhathini nasemadolobheni amakhulu lapho kuhlala khona u-Indrix. Iziqephu ezintsha eziyishumi zibhekiswe ezinganeni, ngakho-ke sekugxilwe kulokho okubizwa nge-slapstick comedy. Uma ama-studio anezinsiza namathuba amaningi, akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi i-Fantadroms ingaba uhlobo lwe-cosmic "Tom noJerry." Ngeshwa, amandla ochungechunge ahlala engabonakali.
1986: "Impi"
Enye ifilimu ethathelwe ezinganekwaneni zaseNtshonalanga, kulokhu indaba kaStephen King. Owake waba yibutho lezempi owaphenduka waba isibhamu ubulala umqondisi wemboni yamathoyizi. Ngemva kokuqeda i-oda, uthola iphasela elinamasosha amathoyizi akhiqizwa efektri yesisulu. Amasosha ngandlela-thile aphila futhi ahlasele umbulali. Impi iphetha ngokunqoba kwamathoyizi, njengoba isethi iqukethe ishaja encane ye-thermonuclear.
Ikhathuni yenziwe kusetshenziswa indlela yokupopayi ephelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlamvu ziyanyakaza futhi ingemuva liyashintsha ukuze lidlulise ukunyakaza kwekhamera. Le ndlela ebizayo futhi edla isikhathi ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa ezithombeni ezidwetshwe ngesandla, kodwa ifanelekile. Ingqikithi yokugqwayiza inikeze "Impi" amandla amakhulu. Ikhathuni emfushane ibukeka imbi kakhulu kune-Die Hard, eyakhululwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva.
Umbukeli oqaphile uzoqaphela ngomzuzu wokuqala wekhathuni ireferensi yendawo yokushayela edlula emibuthanweni yomgwaqo yaseTokyo eSolaris kaTarkovsky. I-futuristic landscape ene-maze engapheli yemigwaqo igcizelela ukuthi konke okwenzekayo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, se-dystopian.
1988: “Dlula”
Uma ukhuluma ngezithombe ezinhle zaseSoviet, umuntu akanakuhluleka ukusho inkolo ethi "Pass". Ikhathuni isekelwe esahlukweni sokuqala sendaba yomlobi wezinganekwane zesayensi u-Kir Bulychev "The Village", futhi umbhali ngokwakhe wabhala umbhalo.
I-"Village" ilandisa indaba yesiphetho sohambo lwasemkhathini umkhumbi walo owafika endaweni ephuthumayo emhlabeni ongaziwa. Abantu abasindile kwadingeka babaleke emkhunjini ukuze babaleke emisebeni yenjini eyayilimele. Abantu basungula idolobhana, bafunda ukuzingela ngemicibisholo nemicibisholo, bakhulisa izingane, futhi isikhathi nesikhathi benza imizamo yokubuyela ngephasi emkhunjini. Kukhathuni, iqembu labasha abathathu kanye nomuntu omdala baya emkhunjini. Umuntu omdala uyafa, futhi izingane, ezijwayelane kangcono nezwe eliyingozi, zifinyelela lapho ziya khona.
I-Pass igqama ngisho nakwamanye opopayi be-avant-garde sci-fi bangaleso sikhathi. Imidwebo yale filimu yadwetshwa isazi sezibalo u-Anatoly Fomenko, owaziwa ngemibono yomlando eyimpikiswano. Ukuze abonise izwe langaphandle elesabekayo, wasebenzisa imifanekiso yakhe ethi The Master and Margarita. Umculo wabhalwa u-Alexander Gradsky, kuhlanganise nengoma esekelwe ezinkondlweni yimbongi uSasha Cherny.
Umqondisi we "The Pass" kwakunguVladimir Tarasov, osekukhulunywe ngaye izikhathi eziningana kuleli qoqo. UTarasov wafunda ethi “The Village” kumagazini othi “Knowledge is Power” futhi wagcwala umbuzo wokuthi umphakathi wesintu umeleni ngempela. Umphumela waba ikhathuni esabekayo nejabulisayo enesiphelo esivulekile.
1989: “Kungase Kube Namahlosi Lapha”
Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba uJames Cameron enze i-Avatar, uRay Bradbury wabhala indaba emfushane ngesihloko esifanayo. Umkhumbi wabantu ufika emhlabeni ongahlali muntu uzomba amaminerali. Izwe elihle labafokazi linobuhlakani futhi lamukela ngomoya wokungenisa izihambi abantu basemhlabeni. Uma ummeleli wenkampani exhasa lolu hambo ezama ukuqala ukumba, iplanethi ithumela ingwe kuye. Lolu hambo luyandiza, lushiye i-cosmonaut eyodwa kuphela esencane.
Ama-animators aseSoviet akwazi ukudlulisa indaba yefilosofi kaBradbury esikrinini cishe ngaphandle kokungafani. Kukhathuni, umholi omubi wohambo uyakwazi ukwenza ibhomu lisebenze ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Ama-Earthlings ayazidela ukuze asindise iplanethi: alayisha ibhomu emkhunjini futhi andize ahambe. Ukucutshungulwa konxiwankulu okudlayo bekukhona embhalweni wokuqala, ngakho-ke ukusonta okumangalisayo kwenezela isenzo esakhiweni. Ngokungafani nokuthi “Inkontileka,” azikho izincazelo eziphikisayo ezivele kule khathuni.
1991-1992: "Ama-Vampires of Geons"
Izithombe zaseSoviet azizange zife ngokushesha ngokuwa kweNyunyana. Ngama-90s, kwakhululwa opopayi abambalwa besayensi eqanjiwe "yeSoviet".
Ngo-1991 no-1992, umqondisi Gennady Tishchenko wethula opopayi "Vampires of Geons" kanye "Masters of Geons". Ubhale umbhalo ngokwakhe, ngokusekelwe endabeni yakhe. Isakhiwo simi kanje: umhloli we-Cosmo-Ecological Commission (KEC) u-Yanin uya kuplanethi i-Geona. Lapho, ama-pterodactyls wendawo ("ama-vampires") aluma amakholoni futhi avimbele ukukhathazeka kwe-interstellar ekuthuthukiseni amadiphozi amaminerali. Kuvela ukuthi iplanethi inabantu; izidalwa ezihlakaniphile zendawo zihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ku-symbiosis nama-vampires nezinye izilwane. Ukukhathazeka kuyashiya iplanethi ngoba imisebenzi yayo iyingozi emvelweni.
Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu samakhathuni: izinhlamvu ezimbili zaseMelika, ezisekelwe ku-Arnold Schwarzenegger noSylvester Stallone. Umdondoshiya odwetshwe ngesandla u-“Arnie” ucishe ufane namaqhawekazi e-hypertrophied comic book of the 90s. Eduze kwakhe, i-Yanin yaseRussia enentshebe ibonakala njengengane. Ngokumelene nesizinda se-Hollywood esingalindelekile "i-cranberry", umlayezo oyinhloko wefilosofi wefilimu ulahlekile ngandlela-thile.
Amakhathuni kwakufanele abe uchungechunge lonke olubizwa ngokuthi "Star World". Ekupheleni kwesiqephu sesibili, uYanin uthi ngethemba lokuthi abantu bazobuyela eGeona, kodwa amazwi akhe ayengahloselwe ukugcwaliseka.
1994–1995: AMBA
Eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kwe-"Geon", u-Tishchenko wenza umzamo wesibili wokuqhubeka ne-saga yesikhala. Iziqephu ezimbili zekhathuni ye-AMBA zisho ukuthi usosayensi wasungula kanjani indlela yokukhulisa amadolobha kusuka ku-biomass. Omunye umuzi onjalo, "AMBA" (Automorphic Bio-Architectural Ensemble), watshalwa ogwadule lwaseMartian, kanti omunye watshalwa eplanethini ekude. Ukuxhumana nomsebenzi kwaphazamiseka, futhi umhloli uYanin, owayesesijwayele kakade, wathunyelwa lapho nozakwethu ongashiwongo igama lakhe.
Isitayela sokubukwa kwefilimu saba kakhulu "Western". Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwahlala kuthembekile enkambweni yangaphambili yenganekwane yesayensi yeSoviet eqinile. U-Tishchenko ungumlandeli womlobi wezinganekwane zesayensi u-Ivan Efremov. Emakhathuni amabili amafushane, umqondisi wazama ukufaka umqondo wokuthi esikhathini esizayo impucuko yezobuchwepheshe izophela (ngakho isihloko).
Kube nezinkinga ezingathi sína ngokuvezwa; lokhu kuyisimo esijwayelekile lapho okwenzekayo kukhulunywa kunokuboniswa. Kunezimpi ezanele kanye nobuqhawe esikrinini, kodwa ijubane lezenzakalo "lidlangile": okokuqala, amaqhawe ahlaselwa amatende angaphandle, bese elalela ngesineke indaba mayelana nokuthi lawa matende avelaphi.
Mhlawumbe engxenyeni yesithathu ye "Star World" kungenzeka ukuqeda ukushiyeka kwangaphambili. Ngeshwa, isiko lamaSoviet lanyamalala ngokuphelele enkulungwaneni entsha yeminyaka, ngakho manje zonke lezi zithombe zopopayi ziwumlando.
Ingabe ikhathuni yakho eyintandokazi ye-sci-fi ayikwazanga ukukhetha? Sitshele ngakho emazwaneni.
Source: www.habr.com