Lesi sihloko siyimpendulo , okuphakamisa ukukhetha izifundo ezisekelwe esilinganisweni sokuguqulwa kwabafundi kusukela kulabo abamukelwe kulabo abaqashiwe.
Lapho ukhetha izifundo, kufanele ube nentshisekelo ngezinombolo ezi-2 - inani labantu abafinyelele esiphethweni sesifundo kanye nenani labafundi abathole umsebenzi phakathi nezinyanga ezi-3 ngemuva kokuphothula izifundo.
Isibonelo, uma u-50% walabo abaqale izifundo baziqedile, futhi u-3% wabafundi bathola imisebenzi phakathi nezinyanga ezi-20, khona-ke amathuba akho okungena kulo mkhakha ngosizo lwalezi zifundo ezithile angu-10%.
Ukunaka komfundi wesikhathi esizayo kudonswa kumamethrikhi amabili, futhi kulapho "iseluleko sokukhetha" siphela khona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesizathu esithile isikhungo semfundo sisolwa ngokuthi omunye wabafundi akazange aqedele izifundo.
Njengoba umbhali engacacisanga ukuthi usho ukuthini ngempela ngokuthi “umsebenzi we-IT,” ngizowuhumusha ngendlela engifuna ngayo, okungukuthi “uhlelo.” Angazi konke mayelana nokubhuloga, ukuphathwa kwe-IT, i-SMM ne-SEO, ngakho ngizophendula kuphela ezindaweni engizaziyo.
Ngokombono wami, ukukhetha izifundo ezisekelwe ezinkomba ezimbili kuyindlela engalungile, ngaphansi kokusika ngizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kungani. Ekuqaleni bengifuna ukushiya amazwana anemininingwane, kodwa bekunombhalo omningi. Ngakho-ke, ngibhale impendulo njengesihloko esihlukile.
Ukuthatha izifundo ngenjongo yokuqashwa akuyona ilotho
Ukuqeqesha akukhona ngokukhipha ithikithi lenhlanhla, kodwa kuwukuzikhandla ngokwakho. Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa umfundi ukuqedela umsebenzi wesikole. Nokho, akubona bonke abafundi abakwazi ukunikela isikhathi sokuqeda imisebenzi yabo. Ngokuvamile, abafundi bayeka ukwenza umsebenzi wesikole ngesikhathi sobunzima bokuqala. Kuyenzeka ukuthi amagama omsebenzi angahambisani nesimo somfundi, kodwa umfundi akabuzi nowodwa umbuzo ocacisayo.
Ukuqoshwa ngomshini kwawo wonke amazwi kathisha nakho ngeke kusize ekuqondeni kahle isifundo uma umfundi engazibandakanyi ekuqondeni amanothi akhe.
Ngisho noBjarne Stroustrup encwadini yakhe yokufundisa ye-C++ ( ) wabhala:
Kuzo zonke izinto ezihambisana nempumelelo kulesi sifundo, “ukuchitha isikhathi” yikhona okukhulu
okubalulekile; hhayi isipiliyoni sokuhlela sangaphambilini, amamaki adlule, noma amandla obuchopho (kuze kube manje
njengoba singasho). Ama-drill akhona ukuze enze abantu bajwayele kancane iqiniso, kodwa
ukuya ezifundweni kubalulekile, futhi ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo kubaluleke kakhulu
Ukuze aphumelele esifundweni, umfundi kuqala kudingeka “abeke isikhathi” ukuze aqedele izabelo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunesipiliyoni sokuhlela sangaphambilini, amamaki esikoleni, noma ikhono lobuhlakani (ngokwendlela esingasho ngayo). Ukuze uthole ukujwayelana okuncane nokwaziswa, kwanele ukuqedela izabelo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uphumelele ngokugcwele esifundweni, kufanele uye ezifundweni futhi uqedele izivivinyo ekupheleni kwezahluko.
Ngisho noma umfundi ethola isikhungo esinezinga lokuguqulwa elingu-95%, kodwa ahlale engenzi lutho, uzogcina efinyelele ku-5% ongaphumelelanga. Uma umzamo wokuqala wokufunda kahle isifundo ngokuguqulwa kwe-50% ungazange uphumelele, khona-ke umzamo wesibili ngeke ukhulise amathuba ku-75%. Mhlawumbe indaba iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, mhlawumbe isethulo sibuthakathaka, mhlawumbe enye into. Kunoma yikuphi, umfundi udinga ukushintsha okuthile ngokwakhe: inkambo, uthisha noma isiqondiso. Ukwenza ubungcweti akuwona umdlalo wekhompiyutha lapho imizamo emibili efanayo ingakhuphula amathuba akho. Kuyindlela emazombezombe yokuzama nephutha.
Ukwethulwa kwemethrikhi kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi imisebenzi iqondiswe ekuthuthukisweni kwayo, hhayi emsebenzini ngokwawo.
Uma isinqumo sakho sincike kumethrikhi eyodwa, uzonikezwa inani elikufanele. Awukabi nayo idatha ethembekile yokuqinisekisa le nkomba nokuthi ibalwa kanjani.
Enye yezindlela zokwandisa ukuguqulwa kwezifundo ukuqinisa ukukhetha kokungena ngokuya ngomgomo othi “yilabo asebeyazi yonke into kuphela abazongena esifundweni.” Akukho nzuzo ngokuthatha inkambo enjalo. Kungcono kube yi-internship ekhokhelwa ngumfundi. Izifundo ezinjalo ziqoqa imali kubantu abakulungele ukuqashwa, kodwa abangazikholelwa bona. “Ezifundweni” banikezwa isibuyekezo esifushane bese kuhlelwa inhlolokhono nehhovisi abaxhumene nalo.
Uma isikhungo sezemfundo sithuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwalabo abamukelwe emsebenzini ngale ndlela, kusho ukuthi abafundi abaningi abajwayelekile bazoshiya phansi esigabeni sokwamukelwa. Ukuze zingaphazamisi izibalo, kulula ukuthi isikhungo semfundo singaphuthelwa umfundi kunokumfundisa.
Enye indlela yokwandisa ukuguqulwa ukubheka labo "abalahlekile" phakathi "njengokufunda okuqhubekayo." Qaphela izandla zakho. Ake sithi abantu abayi-100 babhalisa izifundo zezinyanga ezinhlanu, futhi ekupheleni kwenyanga ngayinye kulahleka abantu abangama-20. Ngenyanga yesihlanu edlule, kwasala abantu abangu-20. Kulaba, abangu-19 bathola umsebenzi. Sebebonke, abantu abangu-80 babhekwa "ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo" futhi bakhishwe kusampula, futhi ukuguqulwa kuthathwa njengo-19/20. Ukwengeza noma yiziphi izimo zokubala ngeke kusithuthukise isimo. Kuhlala kunendlela yokuhumusha idatha nokubala inkomba eqondiwe “njengoba kudingeka.”
Ukuguqulwa kungase kuhlanekezelwe yizizathu zemvelo
Ngisho noma ukuguqulwa kubalwe “ngokwethembeka,” kungahlanekezelwa abafundi abafunda umsebenzi we-IT ngaphandle komgomo wokushintsha umsebenzi wabo ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothula iziqu.
Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube nezizathu:
- Okokuthuthukisa jikelele. Abanye abantu bathanda ukuqalaza ukuze babe “kuthrendi.”
- Funda ukubhekana nesimiso emsebenzini wakho wamanje wasehhovisi.
- Shintsha imisebenzi esikhathini eside (ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-3).
- Hlola amandla akho kule ndawo. Isibonelo, umuntu angathatha izifundo zabaqalayo ngezilimi ezimbalwa zokuhlela ukukhetha. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukho neyodwa engaqedwa.
Abanye abantu abahlakaniphile bangase bangabi nentshisekelo ku-IT, ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukuhamba kalula phakathi nezifundo zabo. Ukubaphoqa ukuthi baqedele isifundo kungase kwandise ukuguqulwa, kodwa kuyoba nenzuzo encane yangempela kulaba bantu.
Ezinye izifundo azisho ukulungela ukushintsha imisebenzi naphezu “kweziqinisekiso” zokuqashwa
Isibonelo, umuntu uqede ngempumelelo isifundo se-Java ngohlaka lwasentwasahlobo. Uma engakasithathi okungenani isifundo esiyisisekelo ku-git, html kanye ne-sql, khona-ke akakasilungeli ngisho isikhundla somncane.
Nakuba, ngombono wami, ukuze uthole umsebenzi ophumelelayo udinga ukwazi izinhlelo zokusebenza, amanethiwekhi wekhompiyutha nokuhlaziywa kwebhizinisi isinyathelo esisodwa esijulile kunomuntu ovamile. Ukufunda ikhono elilodwa kuzokuvumela ukuthi uxazulule uhla oluncane lwezinkinga eziyisicefe neziyisidina.
Emkhakheni wokuzibophezela kwezikhungo zemfundo
Kodwa ukuqeqeshwa okungakaqediwe, okokuqala, ukwehluleka kwesikole/isifundo; lona umsebenzi wabo - ukuheha abafundi abafanele, ukukhipha ukhula abangafaneleki emnyango, ukubandakanya abasele phakathi nesifundo, ukubasiza baqedele. izifundo kuze kube sekupheleni, futhi ulungiselele umsebenzi.
Ukubeka umthwalo wemfanelo wokuqeda isifundo esikhungweni semfundo kuphela kuwukungaphenduleki njengokuthembela enhlanhleni. Ngiyavuma ukuthi emhlabeni wethu kune-hype enkulu ngalesi sihloko, okusho ukuthi izifundo zingase zingaphumeleli kalula. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulona iqiniso lokuthi umfundi udinga ukusebenzela impumelelo yakhe.
Isiqinisekiso siyisu lokumaketha
Ngiyavuma ukuthi umsebenzi wesikole ukuheha abafundi *abalungile*. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthola isikhundla sakho, khetha izethameli oziqondise futhi ukwenze lokhu ezintweni zakho zokukhangisa. Kodwa abafundi akudingeki babheke ngokuqondile "isiqinisekiso somsebenzi." Leli gama liwukusungulwa kwabakhangisi ukuheha izethameli ezingase ziqondiswe. Ungathola umsebenzi ngesu:
- Thatha izifundo ezimbalwa ezihlukene ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso
- Zama ukudlulisa inhlolokhono izikhathi eziningana
- Sebenza ngamaphutha ngemva kwenhlolokhono ngayinye
Mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuqala
Umsebenzi wokuhluthula abafundi abangafaneleki ulula kuphela ezifundweni ezikhetheke kakhulu engibhale ngazo ngenhla. Kodwa inhloso yabo akukhona ukuqeqeshwa, kodwa ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo ngemali yabafundi.
Uma umgomo uwukufundisa umuntu ngempela, khona-ke ukuhlola kuba yinto engeyona into encane kakhulu. Kunzima, kunzima kakhulu, ukudala ukuhlolwa okuzokuvumela ukuthi unqume isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa komuntu oyedwa ngesikhathi esifushane futhi ngokunemba okwanele. Umfundi angaba ohlakaniphile futhi asheshe ahlakaniphe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzoba isikhathi eside kabuhlungu ukuthayipha ikhodi, ukubhala amanothi okubhala kuphela, ukuba yisiphukuphuku ekusebenzeni okuncane ngamafayela futhi ube nenkinga yokuthola ama-typos embhalweni. Ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi nomzamo wayo izosetshenziswa nje ekuklameni uhlelo olwethuliwe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umfundi ococekile futhi olalelayo oqonda umbhalo wesiNgisi uzoba nesiqalo. Amagama angukhiye kuye ngeke abe ama-hieroglyphs, futhi uzothola i-semicolon ekhohliwe ngemizuzwana engu-30, hhayi ngemizuzu eyi-10.
Isikhathi sokufunda singathenjiswa ngokusekelwe kumfundi obuthakathaka, kodwa ekugcineni kungase kube iminyaka emi-5, njengasemanyuvesi.
Inkambo ezithakazelisayo
Ngiyavuma ngokuvamile ukuthi isifundo kufanele sihehe kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezeqisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkambo ayilungile ngokuqukethwe, eyethulwa ngokujabulisayo nangenjabulo, kodwa ngaphandle kwenzuzo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ukuminya okomile kolwazi olubalulekile olungamuncwanga ngenxa yokwethulwa. Njengakwezinye izindawo, incazelo yegolide ibalulekile.
Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi inkambo izojabulisa abanye abantu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibangele ukwenqatshwa phakathi kwabanye kuphela ngenxa yefomu layo. Isibonelo, ukufunda i-Java kugeyimu mayelana nomhlaba oyi-cubic kusuka ku-Microsoft cishe ngeke kuvunywe abantu abadala "abazimisele". Noma imiqondo izofundiswa iyafana. Kodwa-ke, esikoleni le ndlela yokufundisa uhlelo izophumelela.
Usizo kwabasalela emuva
Ukuze uthole usizo lokuqeda isifundo kuze kube sekupheleni, ngizophinda ngicaphune uBjarne Stroustrup ( ):
Uma ufundisa ikilasi elikhulu, akuwona wonke umuntu ozophasa/aphumelele. Uma kunjalo unokukhetha okungafaneleki kakhulu: yehlisa ijubane ukusiza abafundi ababuthaka noma uqhubeke
ijubane futhi ulahlekelwe yizo. Isifiso nokucindezela kuvame ukwehlisa ijubane nokusiza. Ngabo bonke
kusho usizo -futhi unikeze usizo olwengeziwe ngabasizi bokufundisa uma ukwazi - kodwa unganensisi
phansi. Ukwenza kanjalo ngeke kulunge kwabahlakaniphe kunabo bonke, abalungiselele kangcono, nabasebenza kanzima
abafundi - nizolahlekelwa yibo ngenxa yesithukuthezi kanye nokuntuleka kwenselele. Uma kufanele ulahlekelwe/uhluleke
othile, makube umuntu ongasoze abe umthuthukisi wesoftware omuhle noma
usosayensi wekhompyutha noma kunjalo; hhayi abafundi bakho abangaba inkanyezi.
Uma ufundisa iqembu elikhulu, akuwona wonke umuntu ozokwazi ukubhekana nazo. Kulokhu, kufanele wenze isinqumo esinzima: yehlisa ijubane ukusiza abafundi ababuthaka noma uqhubeke nejubane futhi ulahlekelwe yibo. Ngayo yonke imicu yomphefumulo wakho ungalwela ukwehlisa ijubane futhi usize. Usizo. Ngazo zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo. Kodwa ungehli ijubane ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Lokhu ngeke kulunge kubafundi abahlakaniphile, abazilungiselele, abasebenza kanzima—ukuntuleka kwenselele kuzobenza babe nesithukuthezi, futhi bazolahlekelwa yibo. Njengoba uzolahlekelwa othile kunoma yikuphi, makangabi izinkanyezi zakho zesikhathi esizayo, kodwa labo abangasoze babe umthuthukisi omuhle noma usosayensi.
Ngamanye amazwi, uthisha ngeke akwazi ukusiza ngokuphelele wonke umuntu. Othile usazoyeka futhi “onakalise ukuguqulwa.”
Yini okufanele ngiyenze?
Ekuqaleni kohambo lwakho, awudingi ukubheka amamethrikhi okuqashwa nhlobo. Indlela eya ku-IT ingaba yinde. Bala unyaka noma emibili. Isifundo esisodwa “esinesiqinisekiso” akwanele neze kuwe. Ngaphezu kokuthatha izifundo, udinga futhi ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho ekhompyutha: ikhono lokuthayipha ngokushesha, ukucinga ulwazi ku-inthanethi, ukuhlaziya imibhalo, njll.
Uma ubheka noma yiziphi izinkomba zezifundo nhlobo, khona-ke okokuqala udinga ukubheka intengo bese uzama kuqala mahhala, bese kuthi ezishibhile bese kuphela ezibizayo.
Uma unekhono, khona-ke izifundo zamahhala zizokwanela. Njengomthetho, uzodinga ukufunda futhi ulalele kakhulu uwedwa. Uzoba nerobhothi elihlola imisebenzi yakho. Ngeke kube yihlazo ukuyeka inkambo enjalo phakathi bese uzama enye ngesihloko esifanayo.
Uma zingekho izifundo zamahhala esihlokweni haha, bese ubheka lezo ezikhululekile esikhwameni sakho. Okungcono uma kungenzeka ukukhokha ingxenye ukuze ukwazi ukukushiya.
Uma kuphakama izinkinga ezingachazeki ngokufunda kahle, udinga ukufuna usizo kuthisha noma umeluleki. Lokhu kuzohlale kubiza imali, ngakho bheka lapho bengakunikeza khona uhlobo lokubonisana lwamakilasi ngenani lehora. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, awudingi ukubona umeluleki wakho njengo-Google ophilayo, ongambuza ngokuthi "Ngifuna ukwenza lo doti kanje." Indima yakhe ukukuqondisa futhi akusize uthole amagama afanele. Kuningi okunye okungabhalwa ngalesi sihloko, kodwa ngeke ngingene ekujuleni manje.
Спасибо за внимание!
PS Uma uthola ama-typos noma amaphutha embhalweni, ngicela ungazise. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokukhetha ingxenye yombhalo bese ucindezela u-“Ctrl / ⌘ + Enter” uma uno-Ctrl / ⌘, noma nge- . Uma zombili izinketho zingatholakali, bhala mayelana namaphutha kumazwana. Ngiyabonga!
Source: www.habr.com