Amarobhothi angomunye wemisebenzi yesikole ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi ephazamisayo. Ufundisa indlela yokuqamba ama-algorithms, enze inqubo yemfundo ifane, futhi wethula izingane ezinhlelweni. Kwezinye izikole, kusukela ebangeni lokuqala, bafunda isayensi yekhompiyutha, bafunda ukuhlanganisa amarobhothi futhi badwebe ama-flowchart. Ukuze usize izingane ziqonde kalula amarobhothi nezinhlelo futhi zifunde izibalo nefiziksi ngokujulile esikoleni esiphakeme, sikhiphe isethi entsha yezemfundo ye-LEGO Education SPIKE Prime. Sizokutshela kabanzi ngakho kulokhu okuthunyelwe.
I-LEGO Education SPIKE Prime yakhelwe ukufundisa izingane ezisemabangeni 5-7 ezikoleni nasemaqenjini amarobhothi. Isethi ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe ama-algorithms usebenzisa ama-flowchart futhi uncome ukuthi izithombe ezisesikrinini ziphenduka zibe ukunyakaza nezenzo. Ezinganeni zesikole zesimanje, ukubonakala kanye nomthelela we-WOW kubalulekile, futhi i-SPIKE Prime iyisiheho esingaheha izingane ngezinhlelo kanye nesayensi eqondile.
Setha ukubuka konke
Isethi ifika ebhokisini lepulasitiki eliphuzi nelimhlophe elincane. Ngaphansi kwesivalo kunekhadibhodi elineziqondiso zokuqalisa kanye nomdwebo wokubekwa kwezingxenye emathreyini. Ikhithi yakhelwe ukuthi kube lula ukuqala ngayo futhi idinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe okwengeziwe kukathisha.
Izingxenye ngokwazo zipakishwe ezikhwameni ezinezinombolo ezihambisana nezinombolo zamaseli emathreyini.
I-Core Set iqukethe izinto ze-LEGO ezingaphezu kuka-500, okuhlanganisa nezintsha.
- Ozimele abasha abambalwa abanciphisa isikhathi se-prototyping futhi bavumele amamodeli amakhudlwana ukuthi akheke.
- I-cube entsha engu-2x4 ene-Technic axle hole. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izici ze-Technic kanye ne-LEGO System kuphrojekthi eyodwa.
- Kubuyekezwe i-base plate kusuka kububanzi be-Technic.
- Amasondo amasha amancane anikeza ukulawula okunembayo futhi andise ukulawuleka kwamamodeli.
- Isondo elisha elijikayo ngendlela yerola elisekelayo.
- Iziqeshana zezintambo ezintsha, ezitholakala ngemibala eminingana, zikuvumela ukuthi uvikele izintambo ngobunono.
Ngaphezu izingxenye ngokwazo, kukhona motors ezintathu ngaphakathi - enkulu eyodwa nambili medium, kanye izinzwa ezintathu: ibanga, umbala namandla.
Amamotho axhunywe ngqo kuhabhu futhi anezinzwa zokuzungezisa ngokunemba kwedigri engu-1. Lesi sici sinikezwa ukuvumelanisa ukusebenza kwezinjini ukuze zikwazi ukuhamba ngesikhathi esisodwa ngesivinini esingaguquki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzwa ingasetshenziselwa ukukala isivinini kanye nebanga lokunyakaza kwemodeli.
Inzwa yombala ihlukanisa imibala engafika kweyisi-8 futhi ingasetshenziswa njengenzwa yokukhanya. Iphinde ibe nenzwa ye-infrared eyakhelwe kuyo engakwazi ukufunda ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya, isibonelo.
Inzwa yokuthinta ibona izimo ezilandelayo: inkinobho icindezelwe, icindezelwe, icindezelwe kanzima. Kulokhu, inzwa inquma amandla okucindezela ku-Newtons noma njengephesenti.
Inzwa ye-IR isetshenziselwa ukunquma ibanga ukusuka kurobhothi ukuya endaweni ethile noma ukuvimbela ukungqubuzana. Iyakwazi ukulinganisa ibanga ngamaphesenti, amasentimitha namayintshi.
Unganweba amandla esethi eyisisekelo usebenzisa isethi yensiza, equkethe izingxenye ezingama-603. Kuhlanganisa: isethi enkulu eyengeziwe kanye nenzwa yokukhanya, amasondo amabili amakhulu, amagiya amakhulu e-bevel akuvumela ukuthi wakhe ama-turntable amakhulu.
Ihabhu
Ihabhu ine-gyroscope eyakhelwe ngaphakathi engakwazi ukunquma indawo yayo emkhathini: ukuma, ukutsheka, ukugoqa, ukucacisa umphetho ukusuka phezulu, isimo sehabhu eliwa, njll. Inkumbulo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ikuvumela ukuthi ulayishe futhi ugcine kuze kufike ku- 20 izinhlelo. Inombolo yohlelo iboniswa esikrinini samaphikseli angu-5x5, lapho kuboniswa khona izithombe zomsebenzisi nesimo sokusebenza sehabhu.
Itholakala futhi kuhabhu:
- Isixhumi seMicroUSB sokushaja ibhethri noma sokuxhuma kwi-PC.
- Inkinobho yokuvumelanisa ye-Bluetooth, ongasungula ngayo ukuxhumana okungenantambo nge-PC ukuze uhlele ihabhu.
- Izimbobo eziyisi-6 (AF) zokusebenzisa imiyalo noma ukuthola ulwazi kuzinzwa.
- Izinkinobho ezintathu zokulawula ihabhu.
- Isipikha esakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Isofthiwe
Isofthiwe ye-LEGO Education SPIKE iyatholakala ku-Windows, Mac OS, Android, iOS kanye ne-Chromebook futhi ingalandwa . Imvelo software isekelwe ulimi lokuhlela izingane Scratch. Iqukethe isethi yemiyalo, ngayinye eyibhulokhi yesithombe somumo othile nombala onemingcele engashintshwa ngesandla, isibonelo, isivinini kanye nobubanzi bokunyakaza, i-angle yokujikeleza, njll.
Ngasikhathi sinye, amasethi emiyalo ahlotshaniswa nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zesixazululo (amamotho, izinzwa, okuguquguqukayo, ama-opharetha, njll.) aqokonyiswa ngemibala ehlukene, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokushesha intuitively ukuthi ungahlela kanjani okudingayo.
Uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo luqukethe nezinhlelo eziningi zezifundo, kanye nemiyalelo engaba ngu-30 ehlukene yokuhlanganisa amamodeli.
izinyathelo zokuqala
Ngemuva kokwethula uhlelo nokukhetha ulimi, izinyathelo ezintathu zokuqala zinikezwa ngokushesha:
1) Hlela ihabhu ukuze ubuso obumomothekayo buvezwe esikrinini;
2) Jwayelana nokusebenza kwezinjini nezinzwa;
3) Hlanganisa imodeli "Izeze" futhi uyihlele ukuthi inyakaze.
Ukwazi i-SPIKE Prime kuqala ngencazelo yezinketho zokuxhuma (nge-microUSB noma i-Bluetooth) kanye nendlela yokusebenza ngesikrini se-pixel.
Okokuqala udinga ukusetha ukulandelana kwemiyalo okufanele yenziwe ngemuva kokuqala uhlelo, bese ukhetha amaphikseli athile azokhanya esikrinini sehabhu.
Isinyathelo sesibili sihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa nokuhlela impendulo yezinjini kumasiginali ahlukahlukene avela kuzinzwa. Isibonelo, ungahlela injini ukuthi iqale ukujikeleza lapho uletha isandla sakho noma enye into eduze kwenzwa yebanga.
Ukuze senze lokhu, sakha ukulandelana kwemiyalo: uma into iseduze no-n centimeters ku-sensor, i-motor iqala ukusebenza.
Isinyathelo sesithathu nesithakazelisa kakhulu: hlanganisa izeze irobhothi futhi ulihlele ukuze ligxume ngomyalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, okokuqala udinga ukuhlanganisa irobhothi uqobo kusuka ezingxenyeni nama-motor amabili.
Bese siqala ukuhlela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sibeka i-algorithm elandelayo: lapho uhlelo luvuliwe, "i-flea" kufanele igxumele phambili kabili, ngakho-ke ama-motor amabili kufanele enze ukujikeleza okubili okugcwele ngesikhathi esisodwa. Sizomisa isivinini sokuzungeza sibe ngu-50% ukuze irobhothi lingagxumi kakhulu.
Umphumela uba irobhothi elincane eligxumela phambili lapho uhlelo luqala. Nobuhle!
Irobhothi lezeze laphuthuma phambili lathola isisulu salo sokuqala, kodwa kukhona okungahambanga kahle.
Ngemuva kokuthi lokhu kuqeqeshwa kuqediwe, ungaqala amaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: kuhlelo lokusebenza kunemidwebo engaphezu kwe-60 ye-block yezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesethi (amamotho, ihabhu, izinzwa, njll.) Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdwebo ngamunye webhulokhi ungashintshwa kancane usebenzisa imingcele . Futhi ngaphakathi kwesofthiwe kukhona ikhono lokudala okuguquguqukayo kanye nama-flowcharts akho.
Okothisha
Kuhlanganiswe nesethi kukhona othisha. Zihlanganisa ikharikhulamu, imisebenzi enezixazululo esezilungile, nemisebenzi lapho ingekho impendulo futhi udinga ukuqhamuka nesixazululo sokudala. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uqale ngokushesha ukusebenza ngokuqasha nokwakha izinhlelo zokuqeqesha.
Sekukonke, izifundo ezi-4 sezilungile esizeni. "I-Inventor Squad" iyisifundo sezifundo zobuchwepheshe eziqinisa ukuqonda kwabafundi inqubo yokwenza imisebenzi yephrojekthi. Izifundo ezimbili zihlobene nesayensi yekhompyutha. "Ukuqala Ibhizinisi" kunikeza amakhono ayisisekelo wokuhlela kanye ne-algorithmic, futhi "Amadivayisi Awusizo" wethula izimiso ze-inthanethi Yezinto. Isifundo sesine - “Ukulungele Imincintiswano” - siklanyelwe ukulungiselela imincintiswano futhi sidinga kokubili isethi eyisisekelo nensiza.
Isifundo ngasinye siqukethe izifundo ezi-5 kuye kweziyisi-8, ezihlanganisa nesixazululo sendlela esenziwe ngomumo esingase sisetshenziswe enqubweni yemfundo ukuze kuhlanganiswe amakhono e-STEAM.
Qhathanisa namanye amasethi
I-LEGO Education SPIKE Prime iyingxenye yolayini wamarobhothi we-LEGO Education, ohlanganisa amasethi ezingane ezineminyaka ehlukene:
- Veza "Young Programmer" yemfundo yasenkulisa.
- I-WeDo 2.0 yesikole samabanga aphansi.
- I-LEGO Education SPIKE Prime for Middle School.
- I-LEGO MINDSTORMS Imfundo EV3 yabafundi besikole samabanga aphezulu kanye nabonyaka wokuqala.
Ukusebenza kwe-SPIKE Prime kugqagqana ne-LEGO WeDo 2.0, enokusekelwa kweScratch eqala kulo nyaka. Kodwa ngokungafani ne-WeD0 2.0, ekuvumela ukuthi ulingise izivivinyo zomzimba, i-SPIKE Prime ifaneleka kakhulu ekudaleni amarobhothi. Iklanyelwe ukwethula abafundi kumarobhothi emabangeni 5-7.
Ngosizo lwalesi sixazululo, izingane zesikole zizokwazi ukufunda kahle izimiso ze-algorithmization, zithuthukise amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga, futhi zijwayelane nezisekelo zamarobhothi ngendlela yokudlala. Ngemva kwe-SPIKE Prime, ungadlulela kokuthi LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3, enamandla e-MycroPython futhi elungele ukufunda amarobhothi athuthuke kakhulu nemiqondo yokuhlela.
PS Awekho amarobhothi noma ama-huskies alinyazwa ngesikhathi kubhalwa lesi sihloko.
Source: www.habr.com