Idatha yezibalo yokuthi abahleli bezinhlelo baseShayina baphila futhi bahamba kanjani
Sawubona, sanibona, bangane. Namuhla, iRussia ibambisana ngenkuthalo neChina emkhakheni wezobunhloli bokwenziwa kwe-IT, idatha enkulu, futhi kukhona nezinhlelo zokudala "isigodi sedijithali saseRussia-Chinese."
Lesi sihloko siwuhambo oluncane oluya emakethe yezikhala ze-IT yaseChina kanye nempilo yabahleli bezinhlelo baseShayina futhi iyinhlanganisela yokuhunyushwa kwezihloko zesiShayina ngamazwana ami amancane. Izibalo ezethulwe lapha zizoba wusizo kulabo okungenzeka bahlela ukusebenza ne-China noma e-China, noma uma abahleli bezinhlelo base-China kungazelelwe kuyizethameli zabo eziqondiswe kubo. Ake sibone ukuthi baqhuba kanjani!
Isimo somsebenzi
Idatha ethathwe ku kusuka kusayithi (lena inkundla enkulu yesiShayina yochwepheshe be-IT). Umbhali uhlukanise ukunikezwa kwemisebenzi engu-90 kwegama elingukhiye elithi “PL”, futhi yilokhu okwenzekile (idatha kusukela ngoNovemba 000):
Isimo samaholo sihluke ngokuphawulekayo (nge-RMB/ngenyanga):
Yini ongayithenga ngemali engaka?Lapha ngoNovemba, eminye yemikhiqizo evame kakhulu kithi (ukuze kungabikho ukushaqeka kwesiko) iyatholakala, ngokwesibonelo, eBeijing, nakuba kufanele kuvunywe ukuthi amanani akhona awaphezulu kakhulu:
utamatisi - 3 yuan / jin (yebo, ngendlela, e-China bawalengisa e-jin - lokhu kuyi-kilo yethu enephutha, ngakho-ke ngama-ruble kg katamatisi kuzoba nama-ruble angu-3 * 2 * 9 = 54 - ngokuvamile , ilingana noSennaya!)
amazambane - 1,52 yuan/jin
iklabishi - 0,44 yuan/jin
irayisi - 2,71 yuan/jin
ingulube 25,8 yuan/jin
inyama yenkukhu emhlophe - 14,85 yuan/jin
amaqanda 5,83 (yebo, e-China nawo athengiswa ngesisindo, hhayi 9)
ubisi -2,5 yuan/240 ml
95 uphethiloli – 7.19 yuan/litre (ubukhulu)
ibhasi - ukusuka ku-2 yuan ku-10 km (+1 yuan ku-5 km olandelayo)
i-metro - 3 yuan; iphasi linikeza isaphulelo esingu-50%.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, iPython inokwanda okukhulu kokuvuleka kwemisebenzi: ukweqa okungu-__magical__37%! ()
Isimo ngohlelo ngesiShayina
Ku-Habr kukhona , futhi-ke, ngizonikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa ze-China: ulimi lwendawo olulula (易), kanye (ngezinguquko ku-parser oyinhloko), okwathi, ngendlela, yaphenduka "i-python boa constrictor" e-China. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inombolo yamagama angukhiye akhona ngomqondo ofanayo; ngakho futhi, uqobo, ku, Iqiniso, Amanga, ikhefu, njll. zethulwa ezinguqulweni ezimbili. Umsebenzi uqhubeka ngokugcwele ekuhumusheni imibhalo esemthethweni yePython olimini lwesiShayina. ().
Kodwa izilimi zesiShayina zikhona, kunalokho, ngezinjongo zokufundisa. Abahleli bohlelo abancane+ sebevele bebhala ngesiNgisi. Kodwa into esemqoka iyichibi lolwazi, futhi lapha, ngaphezu kwezinsiza zesiNgisi, izingosi ze-IT ezidumile zaseShayina ziza ukukhulula.
Izingosi ze-IT njenge (sekuvele kukhulunywe phezulu kancane), , , , kanye nabanye abaningi, ingasaphathwa eyemiphakathi eminingi ye-QQ kanye ne-Weixin (“Wechat” ngolimi lwethu).
Idatha eqoqwe
Ngokuvamile, imibuzo emithathu eyinhloko amaShayina ayibuza ngokushesha ngemva kokumemezela igama lakho ithi: uneminyaka emingaki, ushadile futhi uhola malini. Futhi kudatha yezibalo emibalabala ethulwe ngezansi nje, eqoqwe engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019 kumapulatifomu e-JetBrains, Hired, HackerRank, 极光大数据 () nabanye, abahleli bezinhlelo baseShayina ngokwabo kwadingeka baphendule le mibuzo. Ucwaningo luhilele abahleli bezinhlelo abangu-39000 (ngithemba ukuthi leli isampula elimele i-China). Ngakho...
Ukusabalalisa ngolimi
Ulimi lokuhlela oluvame kakhulu e-China namuhla i-Java (sesivele sikuqaphelile lokhu ezikhaleni), i-Go ibizwa ngokuthi ithembisa kakhulu, kanti iPython ingeyokuqala ngokwenani labantu abayifundayo.
U-83% wabathuthukisi e-China namuhla bakhetha i-Java 8, futhi i-Spring Boot isivele yaba uhlaka oludumile lokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu.
Manje sekunabathuthukisi be-JavaScript abaningi abangaphambili abaqinile nabathuthukisi be-Java basemuva e-China. Futhi manje onjiniyela bangaphambili badingeka kakhulu emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android manje sebethatha u-15,2%.
Imikhuba yokuhlela
Abahleli bakhetha imibala emnyama, u-89% benza ngendlela oyifisayo i-IDE yabo ngendlela eyodwa noma enye, iningi lincamela imibala emnyama nokukhetha itimu emnyama yomhleli.
U-77% wabahleli bathe bangalalela umculo ngenkathi bebhala ngekhodi, nge-electronic, pop ne-rock kuyizinhlobo abazithandayo.
Inhlolovo ithole ukuthi onjiniyela abaneminyaka engu-25 nangaphezulu bayakulangazelela ukusebenza bekude.
Ulwazi lwezilimi zokuhlela
Unjiniyela ngamunye ngokwesilinganiso wazi izilimi ezi-4 futhi ufuna ukufunda ezinye izilimi ezi-4.
Onjiniyela abasebasha abaneminyaka engu-18-24 bahlela ukufunda izilimi eziyi-6 ngokwesilinganiso, onjiniyela abadala - abaneminyaka engama-35 nangaphezulu - bahlela ukufunda ezinye izilimi ezi-3
U-73,7% uphendule ngokuthi ukufunda ukuhlela isikhathi esiningi kuwukuzifundela.
Bangaphezu kuka-15% abaqale ukufunda izinhlelo ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-16.
U-76% wabahleli bezinhlelo ukholelwa ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza ezifundweni zokuqeqesha ezithuthukile kuzoba usizo lapho ufuna umsebenzi; U-24% awusiboni isidingo salokhu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseShayina
Inombolo enkulu yonjiniyela isebenza eningizimu impela yeChina - esifundazweni sase-Guangdong.
Kungani kunjaloKakade kusukela ngekhulu le-16, ukuhwebelana nabaseYurophu ngobucwebe baseShayina - usilika kanye ne-porcelain - kwakugcwele lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nangaphezulu: namuhla ingumthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke futhi ethumela ngaphandle kwe-China, indawo yokutshala imali evuleleke kakhulu futhi ethuthuka kakhulu. Kunedolobha elibizwa ngeShenzhen, elaziwa kakhulu ngemboni yezogesi. Futhi I-GDP yaseGuangdong = I-GDP yaseRussia.
Lesi ngesinye sezifunda ezinoguquko kakhulu: kulapha lapho kwahlelwa khona omunye wemibuthano yokuqala yamaKhomanisi eShayina. Kusaguqukile kuze kube yilolu suku: kulapha lapho zonke intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlolwa kwezomnotho kwezohwebo kwenziwa.
Uma ubheka idolobha, abaholi yiBeijing eno-14.5% wabo bonke onjiniyela, i-Shanghai ngo-13.9%; kulandele i-Hangzhou - "i-Chinese Silicon Valley", lapho kutholakala khona ikomkhulu le-Alibaba Group, ilandelwa yi-Shenzhen ne-Guangzhou ( zombili nje esifundazweni saseGuangdong), eChengdu, eNanjing, njll.
Ukusatshalaliswa ngeminyaka nangobulili
Bangaphezu kwesigamu abahleli bezinhlelo abaneminyaka engu-25-29 ubudala, futhi bambalwa kakhulu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-35 ubudala.
Abahleli abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi bazokwenzani ngemva kweminyaka engu-35, ngaphandle kokuhlela, bathola ulwazi namakhono kwezinye izindawo, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-35 bangangena kancane kancane ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ekuphatheni noma kwezinye izikhundla.
Isilinganiso m:f = 12:1.
Amahora wokuvula
Ukusebenza isikhathi esengeziwe kuyinto evamile. Ishicilelwe ku-Github ngoMashi 26, 2019 mayelana nezinkampani ezisekela uhlelo lwe-“996”, oluphula imithetho yezabasebenzi yaseShayina. Kakade ngo-Ephreli 9, inqolobane yathola izinkanyezi ezingu-200 futhi yaba yindawo yokugcina ethandwa kakhulu. Kodwa wahlaselwa ngogaxekile futhi wavinjwa eChina. "996" - ukuqagele? Kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-9 ntambama izinsuku ezingu-6 ngesonto.
Ngokwesilinganiso, abahleli bezinhlelo basebenza amahora angu-47,7 ngesonto, kanti abahleli bezinhlelo besifazane basebenza amahora angu-45,9.
U-33,5% wabahleli bezinhlelo basebenza amahora angaphezu kuka-60 ngesonto.
Abahleli bezinhlelo banamahora okusebenza amade kunawo wonke e-Shanghai, e-Beijing nase-Guangzhou. Abahleli bezinhlelo baseShanghai bamatasa kakhulu, benza isilinganiso samahora angu-48,9 ngesonto. E-Shenzhen naseChengdu, basebenza isilinganiso samahora angu-47,0 ngesonto.
Isilinganiso samaholo
Umholo ojwayelekile ezweni ngama-yuan ayi-150, isilinganiso seminyaka yabenzi bezinhlelo abahola ama-yuan angama-000 noma ngaphezulu yiminyaka engama-400.
E-Shanghai, u-16,9% wabahleli bezinhlelo bathola u-20 yuan noma ngaphezulu ngenyanga.
Nasi isithombe esibonakalayo sokusatshalaliswa kwamaholo ngonyaka. Lena lapha, efana no-B - 万 - iyi-10.
Ingabe abahleli bezinhlelo bajabule ngamaholo abo?
Isabelo sabahleli bezinhlelo abanomuzwa wokuthi iholo linjalo noma abanelisekile lingama-93,3%.
U-50% wabaklami bezinhlelo zesofthiwe/abahlaziyi bezinhlelo banelisekile ngomholo wabo wamanje.
U-41,4% wabahleli bezinhlelo ukhathazekile ngamaholo abo futhi ukhuphula izinga labo lolwazi neziqu.
Ukushintsha indawo yokusebenza
U-78,5% washintsha indawo yawo yokusebenza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amaholo abo akhuphuka.
Izizathu ezivame kakhulu ukuntuleka kwamathuba okuthuthukiswa, ukungafani phakathi kwesimo sangempela enkampanini nokulindelwe, kanye nokushintshela emholweni ophezulu.
Ezempilo nezemidlalo
I-1/4 yabahleli bezinhlelo idlala ezemidlalo ngaphansi kokukodwa ngenyanga.
U-58,3% wabahleli bezinhlelo uzivocavoca kanye ngesonto noma ngaphezulu.
U-44,4% wabaphathi abaphakathi nabaphezulu bezinkampani ezihloliwe bangena kwezemidlalo kabili ngeviki noma ngaphezulu. Lapho isikhundla sihlobene kakhulu nabaphathi, kuyanda kwezemidlalo.
Abahleli bezinhlelo abavela e-Shanghai, e-Guangzhou nase-Chengdu bathanda ezemidlalo kakhulu: cishe u-40% wabenzi bohlelo abavela kulawa madolobha bangena kwezemidlalo kabili ngeviki, futhi ngokuvamile balala kusukela ngo-11 kuya ku-1 ekuseni.
U-63,3% wabahleli bezinhlelo abahloliwe njengamanje bakhala ngezinye zezimpawu zempilo engeyinhle, futhi u-34,8% wabahleli bohlelo uhlangabezana nokukhathala njalo.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko ukukhathala okuvamile, izifo zomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho, nesisindo esiningi ngokweqile.
U-60% wabahleli bezinhlelo awudli ukudla kwasekuseni njalo, kanti u-20% wabahleli bohlelo awusidli isidlo sasekuseni.
futhi kumaShayina, ukudla kwasekuseni akuyona inkomishi yekhofi.Kusukela ekuseni kakhulu, zonke izinhlobo zokusanhlamvu, ama-noodle, amaqanda, ophaya bayabiliswa, bashiswe, bathoswe kuzo zonke izindawo zokuthengisa zasemgwaqweni nasemakhefi, amajusi ayakhanywa kwizaqathi, i-chumise, ubhontshisi - ngakho ukweqa ukudla kwasekuseni kubi kakhulu.
Ukuphila komuntu siqu
Ama-42% abahleli bezinhlelo abashadile: 42,5% yabahleli bezinhlelo besilisa abashadile, kanti u-35,6% wabahleli bezinhlelo besifazane abashadile.
Umbandela oyinhloko wokukhetha umngane womshado ukubukeka (ta-daaa), futhi banake izinto abazithandayo kanye nezinga lemfundo, kuyilapho izinga lezomnotho, umndeni, uhlobo lomsebenzi, ukuphakama nokubhaliswa endaweni yokuhlala (hukou) akunjalo. kubalulekile.
Ukuzungeza idolobha
U-61,6% wabahleli bezinhlelo uhamba ngezithuthi zomphakathi kanye ne-metro.
U-9,7% usebenzisa ukwabelana ngamabhayisikili (ngokusobala, lokhu kufana nokuthi “inkampani ecebile izoqasha i-puncher yembobo.”)
U-7,4% uya emsebenzini ngemoto yomuntu siqu.
U-57,8% wabadidiyeli bohlelo abanazo izimoto futhi abahlelile ukuyithenga; U-22,3% wabaphenduli bahlela ukuthenga imoto esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Isimo sezindlu
U-75,6% wabahleli bezinhlelo uqasha izindlu.
Abangu-12,9% bahlala ezindlini zabo abazithengile.
Labo abasalayo bahlinzekwa ngezindlu yinkampani noma bahlala nabazali babo.
Cishe u-50% wabahleli bohlelo banerenti yezindlu engu-1500 yuan noma ngaphezulu
Indlela yokuphila nemikhuba
U-57% wabahleli bakhetha ikhofi (lokhu kuseChina!), U-33% uncamela itiye, u-10% akathandi elilodwa noma elinye.
U-84% wabahleli bohlelo basabhala ikhodi ngezimpelaviki.
U-80% wabahleli bakhetha amakhibhodi e-FILCO, Cherry, HHKB Pro2.
Ngesikhathi sabo samahhala, u-42,5% wabahleli bangangena ku-inthanethi futhi bajulise ulwazi lwabo oluhlobene nomsebenzi. 47,7%; bancamela ukuchitha isikhathi belele, bebuka amafilimu, njll., u-40,7% wabahleli baphendula lokho ngemidlalo.
Imidlalo ekhethwa kakhulu iyimidlalo yokulingisa namasu.
Abangu-52% bathi kwesinye isikhathi babona ikhodi emaphusheni abo, kanti u-17% bathi babona amaphupho anjalo kaningi.
U-33% wabahleli bezinhlelo wenze inhlolovo ngezinja ezithanda uthando, kanye no-26% abathanda amakati, futhi u-23% bathanda kokubili.
Kodwa iningi labahleli bohlelo, ngenxa yesimo somsebenzi wabo, banamakati.
Esikhundleni se-epilogue
Ngenxa yalokho kanye nokwandiswa kwakho konke esikhulume ngakho namuhla - isigaba esithi "Abahleli bamahlaya" - izimpendulo ezimbalwa ezihlekisayo ezivela kuhlu lwemibuzo lokuqoqa zonke izibalo ezingenhla. Njengoba wazi, wonke amahlaya anamancoko kuwo.
Bengisichitha ngani sonke isikhathi sami? Kubukeka sengathi sifuna iziphazamisi...
- embuzweni mayelana nesimo somshado.
Manje kuyacaca ukuthi kungani kunabantu abaningi abangashadile!
- eqinisweni lokuthi iphesenti elikhulu labahleli bezinhlelo banikela ngesikhathi sabo samahhala kumafilimu namathoyizi.
Mayelana nemoto yomuntu siqu:
I-Maserati isanda kwehla intengo yaya ku-500 yuan, futhi ngisho nokudlula kwama-yuan angu-000, ngingathola okuluhlaza yonke indawo!
Mayelana nomsebenzi:
Ngiqasha izindlu ukuze ngize ngilale, futhi ukuze ikati lami likwazi ukuhlala lapho.
Umsebenzi ufana nemizwa: akulona iqiniso ukuthi ekugcineni uzokhetha lokho okuthanda kakhulu.
Source: www.habr.com