Njengoba sinolwazi oluningi emkhakheni we-automation yezimboni, sihlala sifuna izinketho ezingcono kakhulu zokuxazulula izinkinga zethu. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe yekhasimende, bekufanele sikhethe i-hardware eyodwa noma enye isisekelo sesoftware. Futhi uma bezingekho izidingo eziqinile zokufaka imishini ye-Siemens ngokuhambisana ne-TIA-portal, khona-ke, njengomthetho, ukukhetha kwawela ku-MasterSCADA 3.XX. Nokho, akukho okuhlala phakade ngaphansi kwelanga...
Mayelana nolwazi lwami lokushintshela ku-MasterSCADA 4D, izimfuneko, izici zomsebenzi wayo kumakhompyutha ashumekiwe wezakhiwo ze-ARM ngaphansi kokusikwa kwalesi sihloko.
Okudingekayo
Siqale ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa okusha okuvela ku-Insat - MasterSCADA 4D - esikhathini esingengakanani edlule. Kwakunezimfuneko ezimbalwa zalokhu. Okokuqala, senze izinhlolovo ezimbalwa ezizimele phakathi kochwepheshe emkhakheni we-automation yezimboni ukuze sithole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ze-SCADA ezidume kakhulu (Umfanekiso 1). Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, uhlelo lwe-MasterSCADA luthatha indawo yokuqala phakathi kwezinhlelo zasekhaya.
Umfanekiso 1 - Imiphumela yocwaningo lwezinhlelo ezidume kakhulu ze-SCADA (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Imfuneko yesibili ingabhekwa...
Manje ake sidlulele ngqo ku-MasterSCADA 4D ngokwayo. Iqukethe imikhiqizo emibili yesofthiwe, okungukuthi: indawo yokuthuthukiswa kanye nendawo yokusebenza kwesikhathi. Sizokhuluma ngokuthi ngayinye yalezi zingxenye isebenza kanjani ngezansi.
Imvelo yentuthuko
Iphrojekthi yesistimu idalwe endaweni yokuthuthukisa ye-MasterSCADA 4D ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthola inguqulo yamahhala kuwebhusayithi ye-Insat futhi uyifake ngokulandela imiyalo.
Umfanekiso 2 - Isixhumi esibonakalayo sendawo yokuthuthukiswa (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho isikhombikubona esimnandi sendawo yokuthuthuka kanye nesakhiwo esivumelanayo sephrojekthi. Manje kuphrojekthi eyodwa ungakha uhlelo hhayi nje kuphela endaweni yokusebenza ezenzakalelayo, kodwa naso sonke isikhungo, uqala ngesilawuli bese uphela ngeseva noma indawo yokusebenza yomqhubi.
Indawo yokuthuthukiswa isebenza kuphela ku-OS Windows, lokhu kujwayelekile futhi kuyabekezeleleka, kodwa indawo yokusebenza (i-RunTime) imangazwe kakhulu yikhono layo lokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo zeprosesa, kodwa kuningi ngalokho kamuva.
Ngiphinde ngajabula ngomtapo wolwazi omkhulu wezinto ezibonwayo. Ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene bazokwazi ukuzitholela izinto zokubuka ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekudwebeni noma ekusesheni izithonjana ku-inthanethi.
Umfanekiso 3 - Izinto ezibonwayo (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Izivumelwano zokuxhumana
Uhlelo lusekela abashayeli abahlukahlukene (izivumelwano zokushintshana), ezihlanganiswe ku-MasterSCADA 4D ngokuzenzakalelayo:
- I-Modbus TCP/RTU, RTU phezu kwe-TCP
- I-DCON
- I-OPC UA/DA/HDA
- IEC61850
- SNMP
- I-PostgreSQL
- I-MQTT
- IEC104
- I-MSSQL
- MySQL
- I-Mercury (umtapo wezincwadi ohlukile), njll.
Imvelo yesikhathi sokusebenza
Imvelo yesikhathi sokusebenza ingasungulwa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo zekhompiyutha yomuntu siqu futhi ungasebenzisa i-RunTime emshinini wasendaweni ifakwe kanye nendawo yokuthuthukisa futhi isebenza ihora (noma amathegi angama-32) ngaphandle kwemikhawulo.
Idivayisi ye-AntexGate
I-MasterSCADA Runtime ifakwe kusengaphambili njengenketho ehlukile ku-PC efakwe ku-AntexGate enesakhiwo seprosesa ye-ARM kanye nesistimu yokusebenza. Debian, sizokwenza izivivinyo kule divayisi.
Umfanekiso 4 - Idivayisi ye-AntexGate
Ukucaciswa komkhiqizo:
- CPU: 4-core x64 ARM v8 Cortex-A53
- 1.2Mhz RAM: LPDDR2 1024MB
- Inkumbulo engaguquki: 8/16/32GB eMMC
Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nedivayisi .
Masiqhube uhlelo kudivayisi ephezulu. Isibonelo, sidale ukuvota nokulawula idivayisi sisebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-Modbus RTU; Yiqiniso, manje i-RunTime inezishayeli zephrothokholi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokushintshisana kwedatha.
Njengesibonelo, ake sakhe iphrojekthi elula yokulawula amaphampu amathathu namavalvu amabili enqubo yokukhiqiza engabonakali. Esimeni sokuthuthuka kubukeka kanjena, njengakuMdwebo 5.
Umfanekiso 5 - Iphrojekthi endaweni yokuthuthukiswa (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Njengomphumela, sithole umdwebo olula we-mnemonic (Umfanekiso 6) osebenza kunoma yisiphi isiphequluli esisekela i-HTML5.
Umfanekiso 6 — Umdwebo we-Mnemonic (upopayi we-GIF uyachofozeka)
Izinketho zokubonisa ulwazi lwe-HMI
Kungenzeka ukuxhuma endaweni yokusebenza nge-WEB; le nketho ayikhawuli ekukhetheni iklayenti ukuze libuke idatha kumdwebo wemnemonic.
Esimweni sethu, idivayisi inikeza ulwazi oluphumayo nge-HDMI, i-Ethernet, i-3G.
Lapho sixhuma nge-HDMI, sifinyelela ku-LocalHost 127.0 0.1:8043 ngesiphequluli esakhelwe ngaphakathi ku-AntexGate, noma sixhuma ku-IP engaguquki: ikheli le-inthanethi noma inethiwekhi yendawo yebhizinisi nenye "Iklayenti Elincane".
Umfanekiso 7 - Isakhiwo sokuqapha i-WEB (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Izindaba ezithakazelisayo kwakuyiphrothokholi ye-MQTT ekade ilindelwe, ngokuvamile eyayinganele ukuqapha izinto ezikude ezinhlelweni ze-SCADA.
Namuhla, wonke umuntu unethuba lokuthola iseva ye-VDS engabizi ku-inthanethi enekheli le-IP elingaguquki (isibonelo, iseva yewebhusayithi yenkampani) futhi athumele i-MQTT Broker (isibonelo, umiyane) kuyo.
Ngemva kokuthola iseva eyodwa nomthengisi we-MQTT, singakwazi ukulahla kalula izinsizakalo ze-opharetha ezibizayo - i-IP engaguquki futhi sikhokhe ama-ruble angu-900 ngonyaka esikhundleni sama-ruble angu-4000 wezokuxhumana ze-3G.
Umfanekiso 8 - Isakhiwo sokuqapha se-MQTT (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi okunjalo ngeke kugcine kuphela ku-traffic, kodwa kuzophinde kuvikele idatha, njengoba ukudluliswa kwedatha nge-protocol ye-Modbus TCP ku-intanethi akuqinisekisi ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yokuxhumana.
Ngakho-ke, ungathengisa amaphrojekthi aphindaphindekayo lapho iklayenti likhetha umhlinzeki we-inthanethi ngokwalo. Futhi akekho onekhanda elibuhlungu ngokusetha nokwaba amakheli e-IP: iklayenti lifaka noma iyiphi i-SIM khadi ngokwalo noma lixhuma kumzila ngeseva ye-DHCP.
Ukusebenza
Kuphrojekthi, into eyinhloko ijubane, okuthiwa "Imisebenzi" izosisiza ngalokhu. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-node ngayinye ineyodwa kuphela lapho yakhiwe - Umsebenzi oyinhloko. Umthuthukisi wephrojekthi angadala eziningi zazo ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwephrojekthi ethile. Izici zokubala, isibonelo, umjikelezo wokubala, kuzoxhomeka kuzilungiselelo zomsebenzi othile. Ngamunye wabo uzosebenza ngokuzimela kwezinye kudivayisi. Ukudala imisebenzi eminingana kuyancomeka uma kudingekile ukunikeza imijikelezo yokubala ehlukene yezinhlelo ezahlukene zephrojekthi.
Lesi sici sithandeka kakhulu kumadivayisi anephrosesa enama-cores amaningi. "Umsebenzi" ngamunye wethulwa njengenqubo ehlukile kusistimu futhi umthwalo usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke iphrosesa. Idivayisi ye-AntexGate inephrosesa ye-ARM enamakhora angu-4 ku-1.2 GHz no-1 GB we-RAM, ekuvumela ukuthi udale okungenani imisebenzi emikhulu engu-4 futhi usabalalise umthwalo kuwo wonke amakhora. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PLC, i-AntexGate inganikeza amandla ekhompuyutha okungenani izikhathi ezi-4 ngenani elifanayo.
Umfanekiso 9 - Ilayisha amandla ekhompiyutha ye-AntexGate kumodi yesikhathi sokusebenza (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Njengoba singabona kuMfanekiso 9, umthwalo we-CPU awukho ngaphezu kuka-2,5%, futhi inkumbulo engu-61MB kuphela yabelwe. Ngakho, iphrojekthi encane yesikhathi sokusebenza idla izinsiza ezimbalwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Idivayisi ingasetshenziswa hhayi nje njengesilawuli, kodwa futhi njengeseva egcwele ngokugcwele enokuvota kwamaphoyinti e-I/O angaphezu kuka-2000 kanye nekhono lokusekela amaklayenti angaphezu kuka-100 WE-WEB.
Isibonelo, ake sixhume amaklayenti angu-9 WEB kudivayisi futhi sibone ukuqhubeka kokusetshenziswa kwezisetshenziswa (Umfanekiso 10).
Umfanekiso 10 — Ilayisha amandla okwenza ikhompuyutha e-AntexGate lapho ixhuma amaklayenti angu-9 WEB (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Njengoba ubona kulesi sibalo esingenhla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU kwenyukile kusuka esilinganisweni esingu-2,5% kuya ku-6%, futhi kwabelwa inkumbulo engu-3MB ngaphezulu.
Ngenxa yokunikezwa okukhulu kwezisetshenziswa zekhompuyutha zedivayisi, umthuthukisi akadingi ukweqa ikhwalithi yohlelo oludalwe ku-MasterSCADA 4D.
Cross-platform
Ngingathanda futhi ukuqaphela imvelo ehlangene yohlelo lwe-SCADA olucutshungulwayo, olunikeza abahlanganisi ukukhetha okukhulu kwezinkundla zokuqalisa amaphrojekthi abo. Ngenxa yale ndlela, ukuguqulwa phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza noma izakhiwo ze-PC kulula kakhulu.
isiphetho
I-MasterSCADA 4D iwumkhiqizo omusha ovela kwa-Insat. Namuhla alukho ulwazi oluningi ekusebenzeni nalo mkhiqizo wesofthiwe njengoba singathanda. Kodwa-ke, ungalanda indawo yokuthuthukisa yamahhala kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani inosizo oluningiliziwe ekusebenzeni nohlelo.
Umfanekiso 11 - Iwindi losizo (isithombe siyachofozeka)
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukusho ukuthi lesi sihloko siqukethe idatha yesingeniso mayelana nomkhiqizo wesofthiwe ye-MasterSCADA 4D futhi ayisho okuningi. Kodwa-ke, ngokusekela kwakho, sizokhipha izibonelo ezinemininingwane eminingi kanye nezifundo ekusebenzeni nalo mkhiqizo wesoftware.
Ngingathanda ukubona kumazwana ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo oyithanda kakhulu. Futhi uma kungenzeka, sizophendula imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ibe isifundo sokudala amaphrojekthi ku-MasterSCADA 4D.
Source: www.habr.com
