The 63rd edition of the ranking of the 500 most high-performance computers in the world has been published. In the 63rd edition of the rating, the clusters that occupied the first five places in the previous rating retained their positions:
The Frontier cluster, located at the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, holds first place. The cluster boasts 8.7 million processor cores (AMD EPYC 64C 2GHz CPU, AMD Instinct MI250X accelerator) and delivers 1.206 exaflops of performance. HPE Cray OS (SUSE edition) is used as the operating system. Linux Enterprise Server 15).
Second place goes to the Aurora cluster, deployed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory. Compared to the previous ranking, the cluster increased its processor core count (Xeon CPU Max 9470 52C 2.4GHz, Intel Data Center GPU Max accelerator) from 4.8 million to 9.2 million. Performance also increased from 585 petaflops to 1.012 exaflops. Aurora uses SUSE as its operating system. Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4.
Third place in the ranking is occupied by the Eagle cluster, launched this year by Microsoft for the Azure cloud. The cluster contains 2 million processor cores (Xeon Platinum 8480C 48C 2GHz CPU) and demonstrates a peak performance of 561 petaflops. The cluster software is based on Ubuntu 22.04.
In fourth place is the Fugaku cluster, located at the RIKEN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Japan). The cluster is built using ARM processors (158976 nodes based on the Fujitsu A64FX SoC, equipped with a 48-core Armv8.2-A SVE 2.2GHz CPU). Fugaku delivers 442 petaflops of performance and runs on Red Hat Enterprise. Linux.
Fifth place is occupied by the LUMI cluster, located at the European Supercomputing Center (EuroHPC) in Finland and providing performance of 379 petaflops. The cluster is built on the same HPE Cray EX235a platform as the leader of the rating, but includes 2.2 million processor cores (AMD EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X accelerator, Slingshot-11 network). HPE Cray OS is used as the operating system.
Sixth place was taken by the new Alps cluster, launched at the Swiss National Supercomputing Center. The cluster has 1305600 NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz processor cores and provides a performance of 270 petaflops.
Regarding domestic supercomputers, the Chervonenkis, Galushkin, and Lyapunov clusters created by Yandex dropped from 36th, 58nd, and 64th place to 42rd, 69th, and 79th place. These clusters were designed to solve machine learning problems and provide performance of 21.5, 16, and 12.8 petaflops, respectively. The clusters are powered by Ubuntu 16.04 and are equipped with AMD EPYC 7xxx processors and NVIDIA A100 GPUs: the Chervonenkis cluster has 199 nodes (193 thousand AMD EPYC 7702 64C 2GH cores and 1592 NVIDIA A100 80G GPUs), Galushkin - 136 nodes (134 thousand AMD EPYC 7702 64C 2GH cores and 1088 NVIDIA A100 80G GPUs), Lyapunov - 137 nodes (130 thousand AMD EPYC 7662 64C 2GHz cores and 1096 NVIDIA A100 40G GPUs).
The Christofari Neo cluster deployed by Sberbank dropped from 67th to 83th place. Christofari Neo runs NVIDIA DGX OS 5 (edition Ubuntu) and demonstrates a performance of 11.95 petaflops. The cluster has over 98 computing cores based on an AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz CPU and comes with an NVIDIA A100 80GB GPU. Sberbank's second cluster (Christofari) moved from 119st to 142rd place in the rankings over the past six months.
Two more domestic clusters also remain in the ranking: Lomonosov 2 - moved from 370 to 406 place (in 2015, the Lomonosov 2 cluster took 31 place, and its predecessor Lomonosov in 2011 - 13 place) and MTS GROM - moved from 433 to 472 place . Thus, the number of domestic clusters in the ranking has not changed and, as six months ago, is 7 systems (for comparison, in 2020 there were 2 domestic systems in the ranking, in 2017 - 5, and in 2012 - 12).
The most interesting trends:
- Distribution by number of supercomputers in different countries:
- USA: 171 (161 - six months ago). The total productivity is estimated at 34.2% of the entire rating productivity (six months ago - 32.8%);
- China: 80 (104). In total, Chinese clusters generate 16% of all productivity (six months ago - 20.8%);
- Germany: 40 (36). Total productivity - 8% (7.2%);
- Japan: 29 (32). Total productivity - 5.8% (6.4%);
- France: 24 (23). Total productivity - 4.8% (4.6%);
- UK: 16 (15);
- South Korea 13 (12);
- Italy: 11 (12);
- Canada 10(10);
- Netherlands: 9 (10);
- Brazil 8 (9);
- Saudi Arabia 8 (7);
- Poland: 8 (4);
- Sweden 7 (6);
- Russia 7 (7);
- Taiwan: 6 (5);
- Australia 5 (6);
- Norway: 5 (4);
- Switzerland 5 (3);
- Ireland 4 (4);
- India: 4 (4);
- Finland: 3 (3);
- Singapore: 3 (3);
- Czech Republic: 3;
- Spain: 3 (3).
- In the ranking of operating systems used in supercomputers, since November 2017, only Linux;
- Distribution by distributions Linux (in brackets - 6 months ago):
- 42.4% (44.6%) use systems based on Linux, but do not detail the distribution;
- 16.8% (12.6%) - RHEL;
- 9.4% (11%) CentOS;
- 9.2% (9.6%) — Cray Linux;
- 8.4% (7.8%) — Ubuntu;
- 4.4% (4.4%) - SUSE;
- 3% (2%) — Rocky Linux;
- 1.2% (1%) — Alma Linux;
- 0.2% (0.2%) — Amazon Linux;
- 0.2% (0.2%) — Scientific Linux.
- The minimum performance threshold for entering the Top500 over 6 months was 2.13 petaflops (six months ago - 2.02 petaflops). Six years ago, only 272 clusters showed performance of more than a petaflop, seven years ago - 138). For Top100, the entry threshold increased from 7.89 to 9.46 petaflops, and for Top10 - from 94.64 to 121.4 petaflops.
- The total performance of all systems in the rating over 6 months increased from 7 to 8.2 exaflops (four years ago it was 1.650 exaflops, and six years ago - 749 petaflops). The system that closes the current ranking was in 457th place in the last issue.
- The general distribution of the number of supercomputers in different parts of the world is as follows: 181 supercomputers are in North America (171 - six months ago), 157 in Europe (143), 147 in Asia (169), 9 in South America (10), 5 in Oceania (6) and 1 in Africa (1).
- As a processor base, Intel CPUs are in the lead - 62.8% (six months ago it was 67.9%), AMD is in second place with 31.4% (28%), and IBM Power is in third place with 1.2% (was 1.4%).
- 17.8% (six months ago 21.4%) of all used processors have 24 cores, 22% (21%) - 64 cores, 9% (10.6%) - 20 cores, 9.4% (7.4%) - 32 cores, 5.4% (6.2% ) - 16 cores, 5.6% (6%) - 18 cores, 5.2% (5.2%) - 28 cores, 5.8% (5%) - 48 cores, 4.4% - 56 cores, 2.2% (3%) - 12 cores . The total number of processor cores in all clusters of the rating increased over six months from 106.3 million to 114.6 million.
- 196 out of 500 systems (six months ago - 185) additionally use accelerators or coprocessors, while 142 (155) systems use NVIDIA chips, 14 (25) - AMD, 1 (2) - Intel Xeon Phi, 4 - Intel DataCenter GPU, in 1 (1) - Matrix-2000.
- Among cluster manufacturers, Lenovo took first place - 32.6% (six months ago 33.8%), Hewlett-Packard Enterprise took second place - 22.4% (20.6%), EVIDEN took third place - 9.8% (9.6%), followed by Dell EMC 6.8% (6.4%), Inspur - 4.4% (6.8%), NVIDIA 4.4% (3.6%), NEC 2.8% (2.4%), Fujitsu 2.8% (2.4%), MEGWARE 1.4% (1.4%), Microsoft Azure - 1.4% (1.2%), Penguin Computing - 1.4% (1.2%), Sugon 1% (1.8%), IBM 1% (1.2%), Huawei 0.4% (0.4%), Intel 0.4%.
- InfiniBand is used to connect nodes in 47.8% (six months ago 43.8%) of clusters, Ethernet is used in 39% (41.8%) of clusters, Omnipath - 6.4% (6.6%). Looking at overall performance, InfiniBand-based systems account for 39.2% (41.4%) of the Top500's overall performance, while Ethernet accounts for 48.5% (44%).
In the near future, a new release of the Graph 500 alternative rating of cluster systems is expected to be published, focused on evaluating the performance of supercomputer platforms associated with simulating physical processes and tasks for processing large amounts of data inherent in such systems. The Green500, HPCG (High-Performance Conjugate Gradient) and HPL-AI rankings are combined with the Top500 and reflected in the main Top500 ranking.
Source: opennet.ru
